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Interferons Peer-review Journals

Interferons are a gaggle of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical circumstances, a virus-infected cell will release interferons which are capable of causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.

IFNs belong to the massive class of proteins referred to as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the system that help eradicate pathogens. Interferons are named for his or her ability to "interfere" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections. IFNs even have various other functions: they activate immune cells, like natural killer cells and macrophages; they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of accelerating the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Certain symptoms of infections, like fever, muscle pain and "flu-like symptoms", also are caused by the assembly of IFNs and other cytokines.

More than twenty distinct IFN genes and proteins are identified in animals, including humans. They are typically divided among three classes: Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and sort III IFN.

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