Research and Reports in Immunology

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Research and Reports in Immunology 44 7897 074717

Review Articles On Anal Canal Lesions In HIV-Positive Patients

 

In the early years of the AIDS epidemic, many patients died of overwhelming infection due to their immunocompromised status. Only after the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), in the mid-1990s, did HIV-positive patients begin to have longer life expectancies. In many cases, HIV infection became a chronic disease and new clinical phenomena began to become apparent. As patients lived longer with reconstituted immune systems, they began to manifest new phenotypes of HIV infection.

Cancer of the anal canal is still a relatively uncommon disease in the United States. The National Cancer Institute SEER statistics estimated just over 5000 cases of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 2008.1 The ratio of affected women to men is 3:2 and age-adjusted incidence rate was 1.5 per 100,000 men and women per year. However, there has been an increased incidence of anal SCC primarily seen in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM).2,3 During the era of HAART, the incidence of anal cancer in HIV-infected homosexual men has increased sharply, with ~70 new diagnoses per 100,000 patients.

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