Archives of General Internal Medicine

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Smallpox

Smallpox is caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor (VARV), both members of the poxviridae family. The noun “smallpox” arouse in the 15th century to distinguish variola from syphilis known as the “great pox”; the noun “Variola” comes from the Latin word “varus” meaning “pimple”. Smallpox history dates back to ca. 1350 BCE when it spread from the Egyptians to the Hittites in Syria . From the phylogenetic point of view, VARV probably mutated from the Camel pox virus in the Middle East some 6,000-10,000 years ago . Ever since, it has been recorded throughout human history as a devastating human disease that affected up to 500 millions worldwide during the 20th century until the last naturally occurring cases being reported in 1977 in Somalia.

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