Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research

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Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research 44 7897 074717

ONCOLYTIC VIRUS PEER REVIEW JOURNALS

Oncolytic viruses (OVs)  infect and kill malignant cells, leaving surrounding healthy cells unharmed.  Initial interest within the use of viruses to treat cancer dates back to observations made within the early 1900s of tumor regression within the context of natural virus infection . Improved tumor selectivity and inherent self-replication kinetics leave targeted therapy and localized therapeutic amplification, reducing the danger of systemic toxicity.

Oncolytic viruses supported several different vectors including adenovirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), vaccinia virus, Newcastle disease virus, measles virus, and reovirus are shown to be tumor-specific, relatively non-toxic, and capable of inducing robust antitumor immune responses in animal models and human patients (2, 3). Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a genetically engineered OV, was recently approved for the treatment of melanoma, representing the primary oncolytic virus to be approved by the FDA as an anti cancer therapy.

             Thanks to this triple mode of action (cell lysis, systemic anti-cancer immune reaction , local inflammation) and therefore the incontrovertible fact that OV-therapy are often combined with conventional tumor therapies (e.g. chemotherapy, immunotherapy), OVs are exciting and highly promising new anticancer agents. Especially genetically modified OVs, which overcome the restrictions of wild-type viruses, have shown great potential within the treatment of cancer. Efficacy has been shown for several OVs in clinical trials, in order that oncolytic virotherapy has become an accepted new strategy for the treatment of cancer.

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