Biology & Medicine Case Reports

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Biology & Medicine Case Reports 44 7897 074717

Proteoglycan Future

Proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are essential for all times as they're liable for orchestrating many essential functions in development and tissue homeostasis, including biophysical properties and roles in cell signaling and extracellular matrix assembly. In an effort to capture these biological functions, a variety of biomaterials are designed to include off‐the‐shelf GAGs, typically isolated from animal sources, for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine applications. All GAGs, with the exception of hyaluronan, are present within the body covalently coupled to the protein core of proteoglycans, yet the incorporation of proteoglycans into biomaterials remains relatively unexplored. Proteoglycan‐based biomaterials are more likely to recapitulate the unique, tissue‐specific GAG profiles and native GAG presentation in human tissues. The protein core offers additional biological functionality, including cell, protein , and extracellular matrix binding domains, also as sites for protein immobilization chemistries. Finally, proteoglycans are often recombinantly expressed in mammalian cells and thus offer genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering opportunities for control over the protein and GAG structures and functions. This report summarizes current developments in GAG‐based biomaterials and presents emerging research and future opportunities for the event of biomaterials that incorporate GAGs presented in their native proteoglycan form.

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