Case Reports in Surgery and Invasive Procedures

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Case Reports in Surgery and Invasive Procedures 44 7897 074717

Pharmacology Of Antiretroviral Agents

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and psychiatric disorders frequently occur together and may result in concurrent use of atypical antipsychotic (AAP) agents and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Both classes of agents have been shown to cause clinically important dyslipidemia and metabolic dysregulation in a population at high baseline cardiovascular risk. This retrospective cohort included HIV(+) or HIV(-) patients at the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center who received either HAART or AAP agents. Subjects were separated into three groups: HAART+AAP, HAART alone, and a control group of HIV(-) patients taking AAP agents. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are two related, but genetically different forms of HIV —HIV-1 and HIV-2.There are two types of HIV – type 1 and type 2. Most cases of HIV are caused by the more virulent and more infective HIV type-1. Most cases of type 2 are confined to West Africa, with the strain being less virulent and less infective. Most HIV cases are caused through sexual means – via infected semen, blood, pre-ejaculate or vaginal fluids. This includes T-helper cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, amongst others. In 2016, there were 37 million cases of HIV/AIDS worldwide leading to 1 million deaths – most infected persons living in sub-Saharan Africa.

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