Journal of Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases

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Journal of Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases 44 7897 074717

Pancreatic Beta Cells

Beta cells (β cells) are a kind of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells structure 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with type I or type II diabetes, beta-cell mass and performance are diminished, resulting in insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycemia.

Pancreatic stem cells have capability to regenerate beta cells. Findings pave way for regenerative cell therapies in type 1 diabetes patients. Scientists have confirmed the existence of progenitor cells within the human pancreas which will be stimulated to develop into glucose-responsive beta cells.

In type 1 diabetes, the body attacks its own insulin-producing cells. Scientists have now reported on a mechanism employed by the system to organize for this attack. They were able to inhibit this process through targeted intervention and are now hoping this will lead to new possibilities for treatment.

The primary function of a cell is to supply and release insulin and amylin. Both are hormones which reduce blood sugar levels by different mechanisms. 

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