Journal of Molecular Oncology Research

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Oncolytic Viruses

The potential of viruses as anti-cancer agents was first realised within the early twentieth century, although coordinated research efforts didn't begin until the 1960s.A number of viruses including adenovirus, reovirus, measles, herpes simplex, Newcastle disease virus, and vaccinia are clinically tested as oncolytic agents.[6] Most current oncolytic viruses are engineered for tumour selectivity, although there are present examples like reovirus and therefore the senecavirus,resulting in clinical trials.

The first oncolytic virus to be approved by a national regulatory authority was genetically unmodified ECHO-7 strain enterovirus RIGVIR, which was approved in Latvia in 2004 for the treatment of skin melanoma; the approval was withdrawn in 2019. An oncolytic adenovirus, a genetically modified adenovirus named H101, was approved in China in 2005 for the treatment of head and neck cancer.In 2015, talimogene laherparepvec (OncoVex, T-VEC), an oncolytic herpes which may be a modified herpes simplex virus, became the primary oncolytic virus to be approved to be used within the U.S. and European Union , for the treatment of advanced inoperable melanoma.

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