Timely Topics in Clinical Immunology

Timely Topics in Clinical Immunology 44 7897 074717

Genome Of HIV-1 Innovations

Human immunodeficiency virus infection continue to disclose hints or options for the mechanisms which is involved in the progressive immunodeficiency added to infection but more importantly have shed light on the correlates of immunity to infection and disease progression. HIV infects selectively, eliminates, and/or dysregulates several human immune system key cells, causing multiple or several harms to the host immune response, and inflicting huge damage to barriers of mucosa, resulting in tissue infiltration of ‘symbiotic’ intestinal bacteria and viruses that essentially become opportunistic infections promoting systemic immune activation. This leads to recruitment and activation of more target cells for increasing HIV infection, resulting in high level or persistent viral replication at lymphoid tissues, rapid evolution of resistant strains, and continued evasion of immune responses. However, vaccine studies and studies of spontaneous controllers are finally providing correlates of immunity from protection and disease progression, including virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses, binding antibodies, innate immune responses, and generation of antibodies with potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity.  

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