Annals of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery

Annals of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 44 7897 074717

Atherosclerotic Lesion Journal

Atherosclerosis is a silent chronic vascular pathology that is the cause of the majority of cardiovascular ischemic events. The evolution of vascular disease involves a combination of endothelial dysfunction, extensive lipid deposition in the intima, exacerbated innate and adaptive immune responses, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, resulting in the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. High‐risk plaques have a large a cellular lipid‐rich necrotic core with an overlying thin fibrous cap infiltrated by inflammatory cells and diffuse calcification. The formation of new fragile and leaky vessels that invade the expanding intima contributes to enlarge the necrotic core increasing the vulnerability of the plaque.

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