Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Research

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Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Research 44 7897 074717

Scientific Journals Of Drug Discovery

This review focuses on pre-clinical and clinical studies with some selected Brazilian medicinal plants in several areas of interest, conducted by research groups in Brazil and abroad. It also highlights the Brazilian market of herbal products and therefore the efforts of Brazilian scientists to develop new phytomedicines. This review is split into three sections. The section I describes the Brazilian large biodiversity and a few attempts of Brazilian scientists to assess the pharmacological profile of most plant extracts or isolated active principles. Of note, Brazilian scientists have made an excellent effort to review the Brazilian biodiversity, especially among the upper plants. In fact, quite 10,000 papers were published on plants in international scientific journals between 2011 and 2013. This first part also discussed the most efforts to develop new medicines from plants, highlighting the Brazilian phytomedicines market. Despite the massive Brazilian biodiversity, notably with the upper plants, which comprise over 45,000 species (20–22% of the entire worldwide), and therefore the substantial number of scientific publications on medicinal plants, just one phytomedicine is found within the top 20 market products. Indeed, this market remains only worth about 261 million American dollars. This represents but 5% of the worldwide Brazilian medicine market. The section II of this review specialise in the utilization of Brazilian plant extract and/or active principles for a few selected diseases, namely: central nervous systems disorders, pain, immune reaction and inflammation, respiratory diseases, alimentary canal and metabolic diseases. Finally, section III discusses in additional details some selected Brazilian medicinal plants including: Cordia verbenacea, Euphorbia tirucalli, Mandevilla velutina, Phyllanthus spp., cabbage palm , fox grape , Hypericum caprifoliatum and Hypericum polyanthemum, Maytenus ilicifolia, Protium kleinii and Protium heptaphylium and Trichilia catigua. Most of those publications are preliminary and only report the consequences of crude extracts, both in vitro and in vivo studies. Only only a few studies are dedicated to research the mechanisms of action of isolated compounds. Likewise, studies on safety (toxicology), pharmacokinetic, and particularly on well-conducted clinical trials are rare. last , in spite of the abundant Brazilian biodiversity and therefore the thousands of educational publications on plants in international peer-reviewed scientific journals, few patents and medicines are derived from such studies. Undoubtedly, great efforts must be made to enhance the event of plant-derived medicine market in Brazil, especially by involving the partnership between academia and pharmaceutical companies.

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