Research and Reports in Pulmonology

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49. Pulmonary Developmental Biology

The respiratory system does not carry out the physiological function (of gas exchange) until after birth. The respiratory area, diaphragm and lungs do form early in embryonic development. Development of this system is not completed until the last week of fetal development just before birth. Therefore premature babies have problems with insufficient surfactant (end month 6 alveolar cells type 2 appear and begin to secrete surfactant). The respiratory region is divided physically into 2 main parts:

Upper respiratory region: consisting of the nose, nasal cavity and the pharynx. Lower respiratory region: consisting of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs.

 

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