Timely Topics in Clinical Immunology

Timely Topics in Clinical Immunology 44 7897 074717

Open Access Articles On Insulin Resistance Associated With HIV-Disease

 

The immune activation of HIV-infected patients, whether on cART or not, is typically amid insulin resistance. In this section, the role of HIV infection and inflammation, cART, and gut microbiota in immune activation and molecular mechanism of insulin resistance are discussed.

Effect of HIV infection and inflammation on insulin resistance:

It is generally accepted that there is a correlation between innate immune system activation and insulin resistance, which contributes to glucose metabolism dysregulation and dyslipidemia. Immune activation results in chronic inflammation, that varies in severity, and has been observed in untreated HIV patients and patients undergoing cART. However, untreated HIV-patients display an enhanced inflammatory state, which is characterized by high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β), and is associated with a procoagulant state. Under these conditions, the insulin resistance is perhaps severe and will occur within the liver, muscle, and fat. In fact, severe insulin resistance within the fat (as observed in HIV untreated patients), may prevents adipose mass gain as described in mice.

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