Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Research

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Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Research 44 7897 074717

Free-Pharmaceutical Care-journals

Pharmaceutical care is that the responsible provision of drug therapy for the aim of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life’’. Nonetheless, already since 1990 some debate existed about different elements during this definition, and also different understandings on how this definition links in with the professional mission of the pharmacist. Base damage is usually indirect and caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated, e.g. O2− (superoxide radical), OH (hydroxyl radical) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide). However, excess ROS production can damage lipids, DNA, and proteins which may cause necrobiosis. ROS-induced damage underpins various oxidative stress-related human diseases and aging. In addition, the cellular antioxidant defenses may decrease during aging which lands up in age-related increase of ROS and oxidative stress. Excess ROS also can activate the proinflammatory signaling pathways and therefore the release of multiple inflammatory mediators, like cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids, et al. . Therefore, oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis, development, and progression of a sustained inflammatory state.

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