Opinion Article - Archives in Food and Nutrition (2022) Volume 5, Issue 5

Beneficial phases for cardiovascular and endocrine development: The role of perinatal healthy diets.

Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil

*Corresponding Author:

Djane A. Santaro
Department of Nutrition
Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health
Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
E-mail: djaneaesue01@ufba.br

Received: 3-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. AAAFN-22-80294; Editor assigned: 05-Oct-2022, PreQC No. AAAFN-22-80294 (PQ); Reviewed: 19-Oct-2022, QC No. AAAFN-22-80294; Revised: 21-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. AAAFN-22-80294 (R); Published: 26-Oct-2022, DOI:10.35841/aaafn-5.5.122

Citation: Santaro DA. Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. Arch Food Nutr. 2022;5(5):122

Abstract

A transition from a low foetal arterial blood pressure in late gestation to a high arterial blood pressure postnatally has been observed, which has been linked to early reduced calorie and protein nutrition on foetal cardiovascular development. These findings may clarify the relationship between pregnant women's health, including proper nutrition, and the success of their pregnancies. Low birth weight infants have drawn attention because they have a higher risk of developing adult cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Animal studies show that significant changes in cardiovascular and endocrine function can result from maternal or foetal under nutrition without impairing foetal growth. Vascular pathology in adults is not always associated with low birth weight.

Keywords

Diet, Preterm birth, Multivitamin, Nutrition assessment.

Introduction

Diet and eating habits during pregnancy can have an impact on perinatal outcomes directly through physiologic impacts or indirectly by stressing the foetus in ways that alter phenotypic permanently. Supplements are not a miracle cure for nutritional deficiencies, and the majority of supplements lack solid proof of their profound benefits. Research does, however, support the use of calcium supplements to reduce preeclampsia. A low-glycaemic, Mediterranean-style diet seems to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, reduce premature delivery, and improve ovulatory infertility. Although most nutrients are present in sufficient amounts in American women, subpopulations have low levels of vitamin D, folate, and iodine. In addition to supporting healthy bones, vitamin D has also been linked to immune system health, normal uterine contractions during labor, and glucose regulation [1].

The function of vitamins and micronutrients

“Health care professionals are increasingly familiar with how micronutrients affect health. Zinc is necessary for the normal operation of enzymes that regulate cell development, healing, and reproduction, while iron is crucial for hemoglobin's ability to carry oxygen. Iodine is essential for the control of thyroid hormones. Congenital hypothyroidism, which can cause stunted growth and mental retardation in neonates, can be brought on by iodine shortage during pregnancy [2].

Effect of nutrition during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes

One of the most common misconceptions is that caffeine can cause miscarriage. Recent research indicates that caffeine does not cause infertility or miscarriage. A comprehensive survey of the literature involving 15 published studies on caffeine and pregnancy outcomes that examined the role of possible bias in studies concluded that there is no good evidence that moderate caffeine intake in early pregnancy is associated with miscarriage.25 A recent prospective cohort study of more than 2400 [3].

Breastfeeding mothers' diets and their children's health

The latest recommendations from the American Academy of Paediatrics and European pediatric societies conclude that avoidance of certain foods during pregnancy has no effect on the development of allergies in infants.62 Exclusive breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months is clearly beneficial for infants at risk for asthma or eczema, but avoiding nuts, egg, milk, and fish in the maternal diet during lactation may not confer any added benefit. However, a 16-year follow-up of children in a randomized trial pregnancy affects outcomes for both mother and infant, yet the evidence that a particular supplement, or combination of them, is a magic nutritional remedy for women during their reproductive years is at best inconclusive. The latest research reaffirms that health care providers should continue to counsel women about nutrition during pregnancy. However, scepticism about claims that dispensing a pill can take the place of real nutrition counselling is valid [4,5].

Conclusion

It saves time to have women fill out a 24-hour food diary ahead of time so that it can be swiftly checked for the consumption of at least five fruits and vegetables, adequate protein, healthy fats, calorie-dense, nutrient-poor items, and meal frequency. The Siega-Risz1 article offers additional guidance on effective nutrition counselling in hectic practise environments.

References

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