Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Ubiquitin

Ubiquitin is a tiny (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein that is found in almost every tissues in eukaryotes ( it occurs ubiquitously). This protein was discovered by Gideon Goldstein in 175 which was characterized throughout the 1970s and 1980s. There are four genes for ubiquitin in the human genome code. They are UBB, UBC, UBA52 and RPS27A

Ubiquitination is the addition of ubiquitin to a substrate protein. It affects proteins in many ways:

It could  mark them for degradation via the proteasome It could alter their cellular location, affect their activity, Could promote or prevent protein interactions. 

Activation, conjugation, and ligation are the three steps that are performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin ligases (E3s), respectively. The end result purpose is to merge/bind ubiquitin to lysine residues on the protein substrate.

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