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Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are a sensitive and specific marker for ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis. Using indirect immune-fluorescence on ethanol-fixed neutrophils, are two major fluoroscopic patterns can be recognised: a diffuse cytoplasmic staining (C-ANCA), and a perinuclear/nuclear staining (P-ANCA). Furthermore, it should be a stressed that approximately 10-20% of patients with WG or MPA have negative assay for ANCA. The best diagnostic performance was obtained when indirect immune-fluorescence is combined with the PR3 and MPO-specific ELISAs. ANCA with different and unknown antigen specificity are found in a variety of conditions other than AASV, including the inflammatory bowel diseases, other autoimmune diseases, and infections, where their clinical significance is unclear. ANCA levels are useful to monitor the disease activity but should not be used by themselves to guide treatment.

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