Abstract - Journal of Clinical Immunology Research (2019) Volume 2, Issue 4

Immune Response 2019 : Factors influencing intention to obtain the HPV vaccine among a population of university women in morocco - Dr. Aicha yacouti – University of Hassan

Abstract

Cervix is the lower part of the uterus which opens into the vagina. Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. It is due to the abnormal there are typically no symptoms. The Cervix is the lower some portion of the uterus which opens into the vagina. At the point when the strange cells of the cervix tend to cervical disease happens. Cervical cancer is a public health problem in the world with approximately 527 624 new cases and 265 672 deaths annually of which more than 86% occur within developing countries. Some common causes for Cervical Cancer were HPV, Smoking, OCP and Multiple Pregnancies, usage of oral contraceptive pills. Symptoms may include: abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse: irregular bleeding from the vagina besides the definitive time span of regular menstrual cycle, pain in the lower abdomen, pain during sexual relations and abnormal vaginal discharge. Most kinds of cervical cancer is caused by a virus known as Human Papillomavirus or HPV. There are many types of HPV. However, every kind does not result in cervical cancer. Some causes genital warts which does not have any symptoms. But Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection appears to be involved in the development of more than 90% of cases; most people who have had HPV infections, however, do not develop cervical cancer. In Morocco, cervical cancer is the second women’s cancer after the breast cancer, with an estimated of 2258 new cases and 1076 deaths annually. The last decade has been marked by the introduction of a vaccine against this cancer. It is clear that the possibility of preventing cervical cancer through vaccination is an invaluable opportunity but also it is a difficult challenge. Young girls between the ages of 9 and 26 represent the target population for the HPV vaccine. As a result, the decision to vaccinate depends largely on two populations; young girls and their parents. The adoption of this vaccination by the population is dependent on several factors, in particular socio-economic. Thus, in this work we are interested in evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of university girls towards this vaccine. To this end, we conducted a multicenter survey with 1087 young woman in different regions of Morocco. The results show that 70.4% of participants are sensitized towards cervical cancer, 85% of whom said they have never heard of HPV. The rate of sensitization to HPV vaccination is about 7.8%. The rate of HPV vaccination coverage in our study population does not exceed 0.09%. Only one participant reported being vaccinated. The Diagnosis for the Cervical Cancer is Biopsy, Precancerous lesions, Staging, when the abnormal cells of the cervix grow out of control, cervical cancer occurs. Cervical cancer can be easily detected in the early stages by a test called ‘Pap test’. The symptoms of cervical cancer include every kind of cervical cancer is not fatal to the women. Treatment that includes surgeries and chemotherapies has been proved to be successful in treating cervical cancer in the initial stages. The Treatments include Hysterectomy, Brachytherapy and trachelectomy, removal of pelvic lymph nodes with or without removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes, chemotherapy and radiations help in treating cervical cancer. There are various ways in which cervical cancer could be prevented. Barrier protection that is usage of condoms while having sex, screening and vaccination are the ways in which cervical cancer could be prevented. And other preventive treatments like HPV Prevention, Immunotherapy, Fertility-Preserving Surgery, Targeted Therapy, Adenocarcinoma. The side effects of cervical malignancy incorporate unpredictable seeping from the vagina other than the conclusive time traverse of general menstrual cycle, torment in the lower stomach area, torment amid sexual relations and irregular vaginal release. Each sort of cervical malignancy isn't lethal to the ladies. Treatment that incorporates surgeries and chemotherapies has been turned out to be fruitful in treating cervical malignancy in the underlying stages.

Abstract

Cervix is the lower part of the uterus which opens into the vagina. Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. It is due to the abnormal there are typically no symptoms. The Cervix is the lower some portion of the uterus which opens into the vagina. At the point when the strange cells of the cervix tend to cervical disease happens. Cervical cancer is a public health problem in the world with approximately 527 624 new cases and 265 672 deaths annually of which more than 86% occur within developing countries. Some common causes for Cervical Cancer were HPV, Smoking, OCP and Multiple Pregnancies, usage of oral contraceptive pills. Symptoms may include: abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse: irregular bleeding from the vagina besides the definitive time span of regular menstrual cycle, pain in the lower abdomen, pain during sexual relations and abnormal vaginal discharge. Most kinds of cervical cancer is caused by a virus known as Human Papillomavirus or HPV. There are many types of HPV. However, every kind does not result in cervical cancer. Some causes genital warts which does not have any symptoms. But Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection appears to be involved in the development of more than 90% of cases; most people who have had HPV infections, however, do not develop cervical cancer. In Morocco, cervical cancer is the second women’s cancer after the breast cancer, with an estimated of 2258 new cases and 1076 deaths annually. The last decade has been marked by the introduction of a vaccine against this cancer. It is clear that the possibility of preventing cervical cancer through vaccination is an invaluable opportunity but also it is a difficult challenge. Young girls between the ages of 9 and 26 represent the target population for the HPV vaccine. As a result, the decision to vaccinate depends largely on two populations; young girls and their parents. The adoption of this vaccination by the population is dependent on several factors, in particular socio-economic. Thus, in this work we are interested in evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of university girls towards this vaccine. To this end, we conducted a multicenter survey with 1087 young woman in different regions of Morocco. The results show that 70.4% of participants are sensitized towards cervical cancer, 85% of whom said they have never heard of HPV. The rate of sensitization to HPV vaccination is about 7.8%. The rate of HPV vaccination coverage in our study population does not exceed 0.09%. Only one participant reported being vaccinated. The Diagnosis for the Cervical Cancer is Biopsy, Precancerous lesions, Staging, when the abnormal cells of the cervix grow out of control, cervical cancer occurs. Cervical cancer can be easily detected in the early stages by a test called ‘Pap test’. The symptoms of cervical cancer include every kind of cervical cancer is not fatal to the women. Treatment that includes surgeries and chemotherapies has been proved to be successful in treating cervical cancer in the initial stages. The Treatments include Hysterectomy, Brachytherapy and trachelectomy, removal of pelvic lymph nodes with or without removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes, chemotherapy and radiations help in treating cervical cancer. There are various ways in which cervical cancer could be prevented. Barrier protection that is usage of condoms while having sex, screening and vaccination are the ways in which cervical cancer could be prevented. And other preventive treatments like HPV Prevention, Immunotherapy, Fertility-Preserving Surgery, Targeted Therapy, Adenocarcinoma. The side effects of cervical malignancy incorporate unpredictable seeping from the vagina other than the conclusive time traverse of general menstrual cycle, torment in the lower stomach area, torment amid sexual relations and irregular vaginal release. Each sort of cervical malignancy isn't lethal to the ladies. Treatment that incorporates surgeries and chemotherapies has been turned out to be fruitful in treating cervical malignancy in the underlying stages.

HPV Vaccine:

As a result, the introduction of HPV vaccination into the national immunization program, or its reimbursement by social security, will encourage a large population to be vaccinated. In addition, efforts must be made to sensitize physicians on their axial role in raising awareness and prescribing this vaccine.

 Results:

The Analysis of the results showed, that the main barriers to the practice of this vaccine among participants sensitized towards HPV vaccine are as follows; the need for more information about the vaccine (40.5%), the fear of side effects (19%) and the need for a medical prescription (10.7%). After sensitizing all participants towards HPV and its means of preventing, we recorded an acceptability rate of anti-HPV vaccination of about 68%. The main barriers reported by participants who expressed their refusal to practice HPV vaccination are: price (48.1%), fear of side effects (14.8%). In addition, age, family income, branch of study, educational level of parents, and awareness of HPV vaccine and cervical cancer were found as factors influencing the acceptability of this vaccine. Our study revealed a low level of awareness and knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccination. Similarly, we have focused on reticence to this vaccine in our study population. This situation will not help to improve the prevention of this cancer in our country, which requires the establishment of awareness actions towards the disease and its means of primary and secondary prevention. The cost of this vaccine is a universal barrier. Certain sorts of chemotherapy and radiation treatment can debilitate the invulnerable framework, putting malignancy patients at expanded hazard forever undermining diseases. Along these lines, numerous tumor patients may need to get revaccinated against ailments they got immunizations for as youngsters. Some other Vaccinations include Poxvirus as Vector for Cancer Immunotherapy, mRNA Cancer Vaccines, CTL-Defined Cancer Vaccines in Melanoma, Vaccine Delivery and Immunosuppression in Cancer, Anti-Idiotypic Vaccination of Cancer.

HPV Vaccine:

As a result, the introduction of HPV vaccination into the national immunization program, or its reimbursement by social security, will encourage a large population to be vaccinated. In addition, efforts must be made to sensitize physicians on their axial role in raising awareness and prescribing this vaccine.

Results:

The Analysis of the results showed, that the main barriers to the practice of this vaccine among participants sensitized towards HPV vaccine are as follows; the need for more information about the vaccine (40.5%), the fear of side effects (19%) and the need for a medical prescription (10.7%). After sensitizing all participants towards HPV and its means of preventing, we recorded an acceptability rate of anti-HPV vaccination of about 68%. The main barriers reported by participants who expressed their refusal to practice HPV vaccination are: price (48.1%), fear of side effects (14.8%). In addition, age, family income, branch of study, educational level of parents, and awareness of HPV vaccine and cervical cancer were found as factors influencing the acceptability of this vaccine. Our study revealed a low level of awareness and knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccination. Similarly, we have focused on reticence to this vaccine in our study population. This situation will not help to improve the prevention of this cancer in our country, which requires the establishment of awareness actions towards the disease and its means of primary and secondary prevention. The cost of this vaccine is a universal barrier. Certain sorts of chemotherapy and radiation treatment can debilitate the invulnerable framework, putting malignancy patients at expanded hazard forever undermining diseases. Along these lines, numerous tumor patients may need to get revaccinated against ailments they got immunizations for as youngsters. Some other Vaccinations include Poxvirus as Vector for Cancer Immunotherapy, mRNA Cancer Vaccines, CTL-Defined Cancer Vaccines in Melanoma, Vaccine Delivery and Immunosuppression in Cancer, Anti-Idiotypic Vaccination of Cancer.

Keywords:

Cervix cancer, HPV, HPV vaccine, Pap smear, screening, knowledge, immunization, acceptability, Melanoma, Adenocarcinoma, Hysterectomy, Brachytherapy, trachelectomy, cervical disease, revaccination, CTL-Defined Cancer Vaccines, chemotherapy, Fertility-Preserving Surgery, HPV Prevention, Barrier protection, oral contraceptive pills.