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Perspective - Biology & Medicine Case Reports (2025) Volume 9, Issue 3

Endocrine disorders: Updates in diagnosis and management

Rebecca Moore*

Department of Oncology and Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

*Corresponding Author:
Rebecca Moore
Department of Oncology and Endocrinology
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
E-mail: rebecca.moore@jhmi.edu

Received : 04-Jul-2025, Manuscript No. AABMCR-220; Editor assigned : 08-Jul-2025, PreQC No. AABMCR-220(PQ); Reviewed : 28-Jul-2025, QC No AABMCR-220; Revised : 06-Aug-2025, Manuscript No. AABMCR-220(R); Published : 15-Aug-2025 , DOI : 10.35841/ bmcr-9.3.220

Citation: Moore R. Endocrine disorders: Updates in diagnosis and management. aabmcr. 2025;09(03):220.

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Introduction

This collection of articles provides a comprehensive overview of various endocrine conditions, focusing on diagnosis, management, and emerging therapeutic strategies. The exploration begins with primary aldosteronism in older adults, detailing its unique clinical presentation and long-term outcomes, highlighting the necessity for tailored diagnostic and management strategies to improve prognosis and mitigate cardiovascular risks [1].

The discussion then shifts to adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), presenting a consensus statement from the Endocrine Society that outlines extensive guidelines for its diagnosis, staging, and treatment, including surgical approaches, systemic therapies, and management of recurrent or metastatic disease [2].

Another significant area covered is the endocrine toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are crucial cancer therapeutics. This section examines various immune-related endocrine adverse events such as thyroid dysfunction, hypophysitis, and adrenal insufficiency, offering insights into their diagnosis and management [3].

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is also addressed, providing an update on its genetic foundations, diagnostic methods, and the evolving therapeutic landscape. It covers progress in molecular testing, surgical tactics, and the application of targeted therapies for both sporadic and inherited forms of the condition [4].

The review continues with parathyroid carcinoma, a rare but aggressive endocrine malignancy. It discusses diagnostic complexities, the importance of precise surgical removal, and the limited yet developing treatment options for managing recurrent or metastatic disease, offering practical guidance for clinicians [5].

An update on the diagnosis and management of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, which are catecholamine-producing tumors, is presented. This includes advancements in biochemical testing, imaging technologies, and genetic screening, alongside modern surgical and medical treatment protocols designed to enhance patient outcomes [6].

Ectopic ACTH syndrome, a challenging form of Cushing's syndrome caused by non-pituitary tumors, receives comprehensive coverage. It delves into the difficulties of localization diagnostics, biochemical confirmation, and diverse treatment approaches, ranging from surgical resection to medical management, for this often hidden condition [7].

Anaplastic thyroid cancer, recognized as one of the most aggressive human malignancies, is discussed. The focus is on the latest advancements in diagnosis, including molecular profiling, and current treatment strategies, emphasizing multidisciplinary approaches involving surgery, radiation, and novel systemic therapies to improve patient outcomes [8].

The complex field of pituitary adenomas is explored, addressing current diagnostic challenges and highlighting emerging therapeutic pathways. This includes established treatments such as surgery and radiotherapy, as well as new pharmacological agents and gene therapies, all aimed at improving the management of these diverse tumors [9].

Finally, the evolving management strategies for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are updated. This section covers recent advancements in diagnostic imaging, biomarker utilization, and a range of systemic therapies, including somatostatin analogs, targeted agents, and radionuclide therapies, reflecting a deeper understanding and personalized treatment approaches [10].

 

Conclusion

This collection of articles provides essential updates across various endocrine disorders, encompassing a range of malignant and non-malignant conditions. Key areas include the distinct clinical characteristics and management strategies for primary aldosteronism in older adults, and comprehensive guidelines for adrenocortical carcinoma focusing on diagnosis and treatment. The impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors on endocrine function, leading to conditions like thyroid dysfunction and adrenal insufficiency, is also highlighted. Updates are provided for medullary thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, and parathyroid carcinoma, detailing advancements in genetic profiling, surgical techniques, and targeted therapies. Additionally, the articles cover the diagnosis and management of pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and ectopic ACTH syndrome, emphasizing biochemical testing, imaging, and tailored treatment. The evolving landscape of pituitary adenoma and neuroendocrine tumor management, with new pharmacological agents, gene therapies, and systemic treatments, is also discussed, reflecting a push towards personalized and multidisciplinary care in endocrinology.

References

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