Allied Journal of Medical Research

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Allied Journal of Medical Research 44 7897 074717

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting the central systema nervosum (CNS) with no effects on the peripheral systema nervosum (PNS). It belongs to the group of the neurological demyelinating diseases. MS is characterized by a triad of inflammatory reaction, process of demyelination and gliosis (scarring). The latter gives the name of the disease (from the Greek word “skleros” meaning “scars”). Practically, “ MS ” means presence of “ multiple scars” because the foci, which might be disseminated throughout the entire CNS, are structurally denser than the encompassing nerve tissue .

MS was probably first described by Count Jan Van Bieren of Holland in 1395. He wrote a paper a few Dutch woman, named Lidwina of Sheidam, and her “unknown” disease. At the age of 15, Lidwina started affected by terrible face pain. Until her death in 1433, at the age of 53, she developed leg weakness with a progressive inability to steer , feel her legs and see with one among her eyes. of these symptoms hindered her ability to practice her favourite sport-ice skating. However, as Count Van Bieren mentioned, she continued helping the others her whole life. due to her merits, Lidwina was canonized and declared a defender of all ice-skaters .

The first scientists who described the physical changes (almost simultaneously in 1835) were the French professor of pathologic anatomy Jean Cruveilhier from Sorbonne’s Faculty of drugs in Paris and therefore the Scotsman Robert Carswell who at that point worked at the Parisian Hôpital de la Pitié and later became professor of pathology at the University College in London. However, the primary official scientific report on the MS signs and symptoms belonged to Jean-Martin Charcot who called MS la sclérose en plaques and correlated his observations with the autopsy findings of his patients [2]. Charcot taught Freud and his scientific work strongly influenced the developing fields of neuropathology and psychology. He was referred as “the Napoleon of the neuroses”.

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