Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology 44 7897 074717

Methylation Scholarly Peer-review Journal

DNA methylation may be a organic process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. Methylation has potency to change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. When located during a gene promoter, DNA methylation typically acts to repress gene transcription. In mammals, DNA methylation is important for normal development and is related to variety of key processes including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, repression of transposable elements, aging, and carcinogenesis.

In plants and other organisms, 'DNA' methylation is found in three different sequence contexts: CG (or CpG), CHG or CHH (where H correspond to A, T or C). In mammals however, DNA methylation is almost exclusively found in CpG dinucleotides, with the cytosines on both strands being usually methylated. Non-CpG methylation can however be observed in embryonic stem cells, and has also been indicated in neural development. Furthermore, non-CpG methylation has also been observed in hematopoietic progenitor cells, and it occurred mainly during a CpApC sequence context.

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