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J u l y 2 3 - 2 4 , 2 0 1 8 | R o m e , I t a l y
allied
academies
Joint Event on
Cardiology Congress 2018 & Microbe Infection 2018
Biomedical Research
|
ISSN: 0976-1683
|
Volume 29
2
nd
World Congress on
CARDIOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL INFECTION
&
39
th
Annual Congress on
Biomed Res 2018, Volume 29 | DOI: 10.4066/biomedicalresearch-C1-003
WORLDWIDE SPREAD OF MDR BACTERIA SIGNALS TO BE RESIDENT OF
GUT MICROBIOTA FOR VITAMIN SYNTHESIS AND HETEROGENEOUS
PHYTO-ANTIBIOTICS MAY CURE MDR INFECTIONS GLOBALLY
Asit Kumar Chakraborty
Vidyasagar University, India
W
HO advocates worldwide action plan promoting research on phyto-antibiotics, gene medicines and conventional anti-
microbials to stop superbugs horror that claims million deaths due to ineffectiveness of antibiotics. WHO has also
recommended controlled use of antibiotics in patients and bans use of excess antibiotics in agricultural land and food animal
growth. Our study indicated thatmore than 40%of sea, river and rainwater bacteriawere resistant to semi-synthetic antibiotics like
ampicillin and amoxicillin.
blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA
types beta-lactamases,
AacC1/A1
acetyl transferases and AphA4 phospho
transferases including
catB3, sul1/2 and strA/B
genes were detected in most plasmids and certain MDR chromosome islands as
in
E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, S. enterica, M. tuberculosis, S. aureus and A. baumannii
. Plasmids carrying blaNDM1 and
blaKPC genes are increasing and wonder drug imipenem is becoming useless in few cases andMcr-1 gene in E. coli plasmids has
made colistin drug useless.
TetA/C, acrAB-TolC, mexAB/CD/EF-oprM, macAB, mtrCDE
drug efflux genes were activated causing
many antibiotics (tetracycline, azithromycin, amikacin, norfloxacin) useless.
RpoB, pncA, ponA, penA, and rpsL
mutations are
involved in multi-resistance in TB and gonorrhoea.
GyrA/B or parC
genes mutations and
aac6’-1b-cr
gene accumulation were the
cause of widespread fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) drug resistance mtrR, acrR, tetR and ampR types transcriptional regulators
have also accumulated in superbug plasmids and are activated by antibiotics increasing superbug sepsis and death. PubMed and
GenBank search indicated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) had created an acute problem in modern society worldwide and could
be designated as 21st century pseudo antibiotic dark age. Abundant multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria from Kolkata Ganga
River and Digha Sea were detected and characterized as Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) superbugs (
Escherichia,
Phenalkaligenes, Pseudomonas, Streptococci, Citrobacter, and Stenotrophomonas
). AMR could be resembled to many hallmarks
of cancer cells: MDR genes in plasmids similar to diversified oncogenes, active mutations producing ESBL and inhibitor resistant
similar to GTP-bound Gly->Val mutant Ha-ras oncoprotein, activation of
blaCTX-M, acrAB, tetA and cmr
genes with high copy
number and expression, similar to over expressed retroviral oncogenes and high amount of small plasmid-like DNAs apart from
large conjugative plasmids similar to high copies of chromosomes and miRNA in tumour cells. However, we have forgotten
that 2x1012 bacteria in the intestine are constantly synthesizing 20 vitamins and complex bio-molecules for our body and one
high dose of antibiotics is enough to kill all such microbiota. Thus, it appears, multidrug-resistant genes creation is to protect
microbiota from repeated doses of antibiotics that we have consumed since 1940s. Thus, MDR bacteria will be the resident of
intestine favouring vitamin biosynthesis, needed for normal human metabolism. Several high-quality research from US Human
Microbiome Project (HMP), European Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHIT) and others have demonstrated the
beneficial functions of the normal gut flora (>35000 species) on health. It is thus G-20 nations in Germany are united for active
research on MDR bacteria to stop superbug horror. Interestingly an improved MDR-cure organic phyto-extracts (
Cassia fistula,
Suregada multiflora, Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamomum zeynalicum etc
) inhibits Kolkata superbugs and gives a hope for
new drug development as we have characterized active chemicals by MASS, NMR and FT-IR.
chakraakc@gmail.com