Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Oral Health

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Commentary - Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Oral Health (2025) Volume 9, Issue 1

Effective management of periodontal disease: Current best practices

Shinar Anargul*

Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan

*Corresponding Author:
Shinar Anargul
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan
E-mail: Snrangul@163.com

Received: 04-Jan-2025, Manuscript No. AACDOH- 25-157583; Editor assigned: 06-Jan-2025, Pre QC No. AACDOH- 25-157583 (PQ); Reviewed: 16-Jan-2025, QC No. AACDOH-25-157583; Revised: 19-Jan-2025, Manuscript No. AACDOH- 25-157583 (R); Published: 27-Jan-2025, DOI: 10.35841/aacdoh-9.1.244

Citation: Anargul S. Effective management of periodontal disease: Current best practices. J Clin Dentistry Oral Health.2025;(5):244

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Abstract

  

Introduction

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth. It is one of the most common diseases worldwide, affecting a significant portion of the adult population. The management of periodontal disease is crucial not only for maintaining oral health but also for preventing its potential links to systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory illnesses. This essay discusses the current best practices in the effective management of periodontal disease.

Diagnosis and risk assessment

The first step in managing periodontal disease involves a thorough diagnosis. Clinicians use a combination of medical history, clinical examination, and radiographic evaluation to assess the extent of the disease. The clinical examination includes measuring pocket depths, assessing gum bleeding, and evaluating tooth mobility. Radiographs help detect bone loss, which is a key indicator of the severity of the disease. A risk assessment is also conducted to identify factors that contribute to the progression of periodontal disease, such as smoking, diabetes, and poor oral hygiene [1-5].

Non-surgical management

Non-surgical management remains the cornerstone of periodontal disease treatment, particularly in its early stages. The primary treatment modality is scaling and root planing (SRP), which involves the mechanical removal of plaque and calculus from the tooth surface and the smoothing of the root surfaces to promote healing. SRP is highly effective in reducing inflammation and pocket depth, improving clinical attachment levels, and arresting disease progression.

In addition to SRP, local antimicrobial therapies, such as the application of chlorhexidine, tetracycline, or doxycycline, are used as adjuncts to mechanical cleaning. These treatments help control bacterial infection, especially in deep pockets where mechanical cleaning might be less effective. Systemic antibiotics may be considered in cases of severe periodontitis or when there is evidence of systemic involvement.

Surgical management

When periodontal disease progresses to more advanced stages, non-surgical treatments may not be sufficient to restore periodontal health. Surgical management, including flap surgery, bone grafting, and guided tissue regeneration, may be required. Flap surgery involves lifting the gum tissue to gain access to the underlying bone and root surfaces for thorough cleaning and, if necessary, reshaping the bone. Bone grafts and guided tissue regeneration aim to stimulate the regeneration of lost bone and tissue to restore the anatomical structure and function of the periodontium [6-10].

Maintenance and supportive care

Once the active phase of treatment is complete, periodontal maintenance is essential to prevent disease recurrence. Regular follow-up visits are necessary to monitor the patient's oral health, maintain plaque control, and perform professional cleanings. Maintenance intervals typically range from three to six months, depending on the patient's risk factors and the severity of the disease. Home care, including brushing, flossing, and the use of antimicrobial mouth rinses, is crucial for long-term success.

Patient education and behavioural modifications

An integral part of periodontal disease management is patient education. Patients must be informed about the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene practices and how their lifestyle choices, such as smoking and diet, impact periodontal health. Behavioral modifications, particularly smoking cessation programs, can significantly improve treatment outcomes and reduce the risk of disease recurrence.

Conclusion

The effective management of periodontal disease requires a comprehensive, individualized approach that combines accurate diagnosis, non-surgical and surgical treatments, regular maintenance, and patient education. By following current best practices, dental professionals can successfully treat periodontal disease, improve oral health, and prevent associated systemic health issues.

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