Mini Review - Journal of Public Health and Nutrition (2025) Volume 8, Issue 3

Diet and chronic diseases: A global health perspective.

Department of Health Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, China.

*Corresponding Author:

Hongying Zhao
Department of Health Management
Harbin Institute of Technology, China.
E-mail: zhresearch@163.com

Received: 01-Jul-2025, Manuscript No. AAJPHN-25-171427; Editor assigned: 02-Jul-2025, Pre QC No. AAJPHN-25-171427(PQ); Reviewed:15-Jul-2025, QC No. AAJPHN-25-171427; Revised:19-Jul-2025, Manuscript No. AAJPHN-25-171427(R), Published:26-Jul-2025, DOI:10.35841/aajphn-8.3.211

Citation: Zhao H. Diet and chronic diseases: A global health perspective. J Pub Health Nutri. 2025;8(3):211

Introduction

The rising burden of chronic diseases has become one of the most pressing challenges in global health. Conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and certain types of cancer are now leading causes of mortality worldwide, surpassing infectious diseases in many regions. At the heart of this public health crisis lies the role of diet, which significantly influences the onset, progression, and prevention of these chronic conditions. As globalization shapes dietary patterns, the consumption of processed foods, sugary beverages, and fast foods has increased dramatically, replacing traditional diets that were often richer in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.[1].

Poor dietary habits not only contribute to individual health risks but also place an enormous burden on healthcare systems. Diets high in saturated fats, added sugars, and refined carbohydrates have been strongly linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes, while excess sodium intake contributes to hypertension and heart disease. On the other hand, inadequate intake of nutrient-dense foods such as legumes, fish, nuts, and fresh produce creates deficiencies that weaken overall health and resilience. The global shift toward unhealthy diets, often referred to as the "nutrition transition," is driven by urbanization, aggressive food marketing, and socioeconomic disparities, which limit access to healthier alternatives.[2].

The impact of diet-related chronic diseases extends far beyond physical health, influencing economic stability and quality of life. In many low- and middle-income countries, families face a double burden of malnutrition, where undernutrition and obesity coexist within the same households. This paradox highlights the complexity of addressing dietary health on a global scale. Children raised in environments dominated by calorie-dense but nutrient-poor foods are more likely to develop chronic diseases earlier in life, perpetuating cycles of illness and poverty. Addressing this issue requires not only medical interventions but also broader public health strategies that make nutritious foods accessible and affordable. [3].

Public awareness campaigns and nutrition education are essential tools in reshaping global health outcomes. Individuals need knowledge and empowerment to make healthier food choices, but this alone is not sufficient without systemic changes. Policy measures such as regulating the advertising of unhealthy foods, implementing taxes on sugary drinks, and subsidizing fruits and vegetables can help shift consumer behavior. Schools and workplaces also play a vital role in creating healthier food environments, ensuring that dietary decisions align with long-term health goals rather than short-term convenience. [4].

Research continues to emphasize the protective role of balanced diets rich in plant-based foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats. The Mediterranean diet, for example, has been widely studied for its benefits in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and improving longevity. Similarly, traditional dietary patterns in Asia and Africa, which emphasize grains, vegetables, and minimal processed foods, offer lessons for sustainable and health-promoting nutrition. Preserving and promoting these traditional diets while integrating modern scientific knowledge provides an opportunity to combat chronic diseases globally without disregarding cultural.[5].

Conclusion

Diet is a central determinant of chronic disease risk and must be prioritized in global health strategies. Tackling the challenge requires collaboration between governments, health organizations, communities, and individuals. As the prevalence of chronic diseases continues to rise, shifting the global food landscape toward healthier, affordable, and culturally acceptable dietary patterns is essential. By addressing diet as both a preventive and therapeutic tool, societies can reduce the burden of chronic diseases, improve life expectancy, and move closer to achieving equitable and sustainable global health.

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