Research Article - Biomedical Research (2025) Volume 36, Issue 2

Multimarker Approach to Assess Glycemic Control and Bone Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Potential for Enhanced Clinical Monitoring

Introduction: Increasing evidence suggests that bone-mineral biomarkers are not only indicators of skeletal health but also regulators of glucose metabolism. Their role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is not fully understood. This study evaluated the association of serum osteocalcin, vitamin D3, and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) with glycemic indices in patients with T2DM.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with T2DM. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), osteocalcin, vitamin D3, and PTH levels were measured. Correlation analyses were performed, followed by multivariate regression models to examine independent associations between bone-mineral biomarkers and glycemic indices after adjusting for age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and duration of diabetes.

Results: Serum osteocalcin demonstrated significant negative correlations with FBG (r=-0.42, p<0.001) and HbA1c (r=- 0.47, p<0.001). Vitamin D3 showed an inverse association with HbA1c (r=-0.35, p=0.002), while PTH was positively associated (r=+0.39, p=0.001). In regression analysis, osteocalcin independently predicted lower HbA1c (β=-0.31, p=0.004). Vitamin D3 deficiency was linked with increased odds of poor glycemic control (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.2–4.5, p=0.01), and elevated PTH independently predicted higher HbA1c (β=+0.27, p=0.01).

Conclusion: Bone-mineral biomarkers, particularly osteocalcin, vitamin D3, and PTH, are closely linked to glycemic regulation in T2DM. Their integration into diabetes care may provide novel insights for predicting metabolic risk and improving management strategies.

Author(s):

Anisha Tanwar, Mohammad Nadeem Khan, Mandayal Jamatia, Shreya Nigoskar

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