Research Article - Current Pediatric Research (2025) Volume 29, Issue 2

Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Tertiary Care Centre in North-western India: a Prospective observational study

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency may influence diabetes risk and management, yet conflicting evidence about its efficacy necessitates further investigation. This study aims to assess the therapeutic benefits of vitamin D supplementation in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) with vitamin D deficiency. Method: This prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted in pediatrics department of tertiary care centre over one year. Children ≤14 years old with T1DM and vitamin D deficiency (25- OHD levels <30 ng/ml) were randomly assigned to two groups. Interventional group received 4000 IU of vitamin D daily and calcium intake of 1200 mg/day with insulin therapy for 3 months. Control group continued routine insulin therapy alone. Random Blood Sugar (RBS), glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 25-OHD levels were measured at enrolment and completion. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests. Results: Out of 60 screened children, 10 were excluded (7 with normal vitamin D levels, 2 lost to follow-up, 1 with abnormal renal function). The baseline characteristics were comparable across groups. The majority of participants (58%) were above 10 years old. Most children (64%) were severely vitamin D deficient. In the interventional group, HbA1c levels decreased significantly in the severely deficient subgroup (p=0.037). RBS values decreased significantly in the severe (p=0.046) and suboptimal (p=0.001) 25-OHD deficiency subgroups, though not in the very severe subgroup (p=0.765). Conclusion: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation significantly reduce blood glucose and HbA1c levels in T1DM compared to insulin alone. Routine screening and supplementation are advised but should be confirmed by larger randomized controlled trials

Author(s):

Vijendra Singh*, Priyanka Kumai, Vikas Katewa, Pawan Kumar Dara*, Rajendra Kumar Soni, Divya Mohta

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