Editorial - Archives of Digestive Disorders (2017) Archives of Digestive Disorders (Special Issue 1-2017)

Take on the Colon cancer

¹Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran, Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

²Department of Medicine, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

*Corresponding Author:

Ehsan Shahverdi
Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization bldg.
Hemmat exp. way Tehran- Iran
Tel / Fax: +2 01111196919
E-mail: shahverdi_ehsan@yahoo.com

Received: October 12, 2016; Accepted: October 14, 2016; Published: October 22, 2016

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in incidence and mortality worldwide (Fearon et al., 1990), and one of the few cancers that can be prevented. Fortunately, this disease often starts from the beginning with abdominal pain and symptoms. Less than 10% of patients in stage I disease recurrence and does not benefit for whom adjuvant chemotherapy, 20% of patients in stage II disease have a recurrence and for whom adjuvant chemotherapy minimal benefit (Marshall, 2010) because in the early stages of colon cancer (stages I and II) tumor engulfed all the inner walls of the colon.

In stage III colon cancer there are regional lymph node metastases and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy have been seen a significant increase in survival (Meyerhardt et al., 2005). In stage IV colon cancer patients are with distant metastases, tougher regimes in the process of receiving treatment that is not common treatments (Boland et al., 2016).

In the case of metastasis after kidney, lung is the second member attacked that chemotherapy is not used for treatment (Vogelsang et al., 2004). However, the methods that were proposed in the late sixties such as En.Bloc Resection and No-touch. Technique has not diminished from them credibility but needs to be prophylactic methods and more definitive diagnosis. Surgical is a manner that after tumor recurrence depending on the extent and severity of the tumor will be done to many forms.

Diagnosis colonoscopy and removal of adenoma has been a significant reduction in the incidence of colon cancer (Nishihara et al., 2013; Zauber et al., 2012)

In addition to colonoscopy, screening conducted and in some cases genetic tests for prediction and early detection of colon cancer. Sometimes the start of the patient than complete development takes time 10 years, that this time is a good opportunity for screening, prevention and early detection of the disease.

Following the screening conducted reduction of 30% was declared developing the disease in 2014 (Siegel et al., 2014). Although have been seen positive results about genetic tests of disease such as studies Dalerba (Dalerba et al., 2016) and Robles (Robles et al., 2016). But still need further studies in order to more conclusive results.

References

1. Fearon ER, Vogelstein B. A (1990). Genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell,  61(5), 759-67.
2. Marshall JL, (2010). Risk assessment in Stage II colorectal cancer. Oncology, 24(1), 9-13.
3. Meyerhardt JA, Mayer RJ, (2005). Systemic therapy for colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(5), 476-487.
4. Boland CR, Goel A, (2016). Prognostic Subgroups among Patients with Stage II Colon Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(3), 277-278.
5. Vogelsang H, Haas S, Hierholzer C, Berger U, Siewert J, Präuer H, (2004). Factors influencing survival after resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. British journal of surgery, 91(8), 1066-1071.
6. Nishihara R, Wu K, Lochhead P, Morikawa T, Liao X, Qian ZR, et al.(2013). Long-term colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy. New England Journal of Medicine, 369(12), 1095-1105.
7. Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, O'Brien MJ, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, van Ballegooijen M, Hankey BF, et al.(2012). Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(8), 687-696.
8. Siegel R, DeSantis C, Jemal A, (2014). Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 64(2), 104-117.
9. Dalerba P, Sahoo D, Paik S, Guo X, Yothers G, Song N, et al. (2016). CDX2 as a prognostic biomarker in stage II and stage III colon cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(3), 211-222.
10. Robles AI, Traverso G, Zhang M, Roberts NJ, Khan MA, Joseph C, et al.(2016). Whole-Exome Sequencing Analyses of Inflammatory Bowel Disease- Associated Colorectal Cancers. Gastroenterology, 150(4), 931-943.