Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology 44 7897 074717

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A primer may be a short macromolecule sequence that gives a start line for DNA synthesis. Primers are short strands of RNA, in living organisms. A primer must be synthesized by an enzyme called primase, which may be a sort of RNA polymerase, before DNA replication can occur. The synthesis of a primer is important because the enzymes that synthesize DNA, which are called DNA polymerases, can only attach new DNA nucleotides to an existing strand of nucleotides. The primer serves to prime and lay a foundation for DNA synthesis. The primers are removed before DNA replication is complete, and therefore the gaps within the sequence are filled in with DNA by DNA polymerases. In the laboratory, scientists can design and synthesize DNA primers with specific sequences that bind to sequences in a single-stranded DNA molecule. These DNA primers are commonly used to perform the polymerase chain reaction to copy pieces of DNA or for DNA sequencing.

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