Journal of Histology and Cell Biology

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CRYOPRESERVATION

Cryo-preservation or cryo-conservation may be a process where organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs, or the other biological constructs vulnerable to damage caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling to very low temperatures (typically −80 °C using solid CO2 or −196 °C using liquid nitrogen). At low enough temperatures, any enzymatic or chemical activity which could cause damage to the biological material in question is effectively stopped. Cryopreservation methods seek to succeed in low temperatures without causing additional damage caused by the formation of ice crystals during freezing. Traditional cryopreservation has relied on coating the fabric to be frozen with a category of molecules termed cryoprotectants. New methods are constantly being investigated thanks to the inherent toxicity of the many cryoprotectants. By default it should be considered that cryopreservation alters or compromises the structure and performance of cells unless it's proven otherwise for a specific cell population. Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is that the process during which animal genetic material is collected and stored with the intention of conservation of the breed.

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