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Journal of Microbiology: Current Research | Volume 2
November 01-02, 2018 | London, UK
7
th
European
Clinical Microbiology Congress
4
th
International Conference on
Ophthalmology and Eye Disorder
Joint Event
&
The nature of microbial involvement in the development of adenotonsillar hyperplasia
James Johnston, M Hoggard, K Biswas, C Astudillo‐García, S Waldvogel-Thurlow, F J Radcliff, M Mahadevan
and
R G Douglas
The University of Auckland, New Zealand
O
bstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has become a more
common indication for tonsillectomy than recurrent
tonsillitis (RT). Few studies have addressed possible differences
in pathogenesis between these two conditions. Children
with RT and OSA are often being treated in the community
with multiple courses of antibiotics before surgery. Current
understanding of the role of bacteria in disorders of the tonsils
is mainly based on the culture of tonsil swabs. Swab cultures
reflect only a very small fraction of the bacteria present on
the mucosal surface and may not represent the bacterial
communities within the tonsil crypts. Culture-independent
methods, based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing,
have been used to increase understanding of the tonsillar
microbiome. We utilised these techniques, combined with
histology, to evaluate the local lymphocyte response and
associations with bacterial community composition of the
tonsils removed from children for either RT or OSA. We also
aimed to investigate potential differences in adenotonsillar
microbiota according to sampling location, both on and within
the adenoids and palatine tonsils. Finally, a randomised control
trial (RCT) was undertaken to evaluate whether a course of
amoxicillin-clavulanate altered the tonsilmicrobiome in children
with recurrent tonsillitis immediately before tonsillectomy.
These results demonstrate significant differences in the local
lymphocyte response and bacterial community composition
in tonsil tissue between RT and OSA patients. We observed
variations in bacterial diversity and composition based on
sampling sites in the tonsils but not the adenoids. Finally, no
variation in bacterial diversity of the tonsils following a course
of broad-spectrum antibiotics was noted, suggesting antibiotics
have minimal impact on the tonsil microbiota. Accordingly, the
liberal use of antibiotics for this condition should be challenged.
Speaker Biography
James Johnston is in the final year of his PhD at The University of Auckland, Auckland,
New Zealand. He is a trainee in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery with the Royal
Australasian College of Surgeons.
e:
jj.johnston@auckland.ac.nzJames Johnston et al., Clinical Microbiology and Eye 2018, Volume 2
DOI: 10.4066/2591-8036-C1-002