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academies
Journal of Microbiology: Current Research | Volume 2
November 01-02, 2018 | London, UK
7
th
European
Clinical Microbiology Congress
4
th
International Conference on
Ophthalmology and Eye Disorder
Joint Event
&
Clinical application of detection rats in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in key populations
Georgies Mgode
1
, Christophe Cox
2
, Joseph Soka
2
, Liberate Mleoh
3
, Amos Kahwa
4
, Sayoki Mfinanga
4
and
Lena Fiebig
2
1
Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
2
APOPO vzw, Tanzania
3
Ministry of Health, Tanzania
4
National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania
Background:
Tuberculosis disease kills about 1.7 million
people worldwide with many deaths occurring in developing
countries in south East Asia and Sub Saharan Africa. Children
and people living with HIV/AIDS are among key population
that STOPTB initiatives aim to enhance TB diagnosis because
they contribute significantly to TB burden and they are prone
to TB disease because it is difficult to diagnose TB. In countries
with high HIV/AIDS prevalence the sensitivity of otherwise
sensitive tests may be compromised. We report on clinical
application of trained TB detection rats in clinical sputum
samples from people living with HIV/AIDS and children.
Methods:
Presumptive TB patients produced two sputum
samples for TB diagnosis in hospitals and second-line
testing by rats. Samples indicated by rats as TB positive
were confirmed by concentratedsmear microscopy and
bacterial load estimated following guideline/score of the
WHO and IUATLD. Sputum from a general presumptive TB
population was cultured in 5 different media to determine
the various microbes and whether rats could differentiate
sputum with
M. tuberculosis
from those with other microbes.
Results:
A total of 1,906 PLWHA and 4629 of children within
age 1-14 were tested. Conventional TB tests detected 60
adult PLWHA and 331 children whereas rats detected 156
PLWHA and 539 children respectively. Over 50 percent of the
patients detected by rats missed by hospitals had low
Bacilli
count insputum sample. Application of molecular PCR based
confirmation tests showed that missed samples detected by
rats’ contained
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, the pathogen
causing TB. Furthermore, rats differentiated sputum containing
M. tuberculosis
from those with nontuberculous mycobacteria
and mycobacteria related
Nocardia
and
Rhodococcus
species
that are also acid-fast
Bacilli
often mistaken with TB by
microscopy.
Conclusion:
Trained TB detection rats have potential for clinical
application in detecting TB that could have been missed by
conventional TB tests in TB/HIV high-TB burden countries
where the diagnosis is still a challenge due to smear negativity
that increases in TB/HIV co-infection.
Speaker Biography
Georgies Mgode is a research fellow at Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University
of Agriculture (SPMC) heading the vector-borne and zoonotic disease studies section;
and is the program manager of APOPO TB involved with novel diagnosis of pulmonary
tuberculosis (TB) using trained African giant pouched rats (
Cricetomys
sp. Swahili:
Panyabuku). He has research interest in tuberculosis and rodent borne zoonotic diseases
including leptospirosis. He is among the pioneer researchers of tuberculosis detection
using rats and he explored the specific odour compounds (volatile organic compounds) of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
which are targeted by TB detection rats for doctoral degree
studies at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), in Berlin, Germany.
e:
gmgode@sua.ac.tzGeorgies Mgode et al., Clinical Microbiology and Eye 2018, Volume 2
DOI: 10.4066/2591-8036-C1-002