Journal of Cancer Immunology & Therapy

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.
Reach Us +1 (202) 780-3397

Short Communication - Journal of Cancer Immunology & Therapy (2024) Volume 7, Issue 1

Strategies for Managing Infectious Diseases in Cancer Patients.

Reem Gebera *

School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, United Kingdom

*Corresponding Author:
Reem Gebera
School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, United Kingdom
E-mail: r.geb@kingston.ac.uk

Received: 02-Feb -2024, Manuscript No. AAJCIT-24-129824; Editor assigned: 03-Feb-2024, PreQC No. AAJCIT-24-129825 (PQ); Reviewed:17-Feb-2024, QC No. AAJCIT-24-129824; Revised:22-Feb-2024, Manuscript No. AAJCIT-24-129824 (R); Published:29-Feb-2024, DOI:10.35841/aara-7.1.191

Citation: Gebera G., Strategies for managing infectious diseases in cancer patients. J Cancer Immunol Ther. 2024;7(1):191

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Cancer Immunology & Therapy

Introduction

Cancer patients face numerous challenges throughout their journey, including the increased risk of developing infectious diseases. The intersection of cancer and infectious diseases poses unique clinical complexities, as cancer treatments can weaken the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology, prevention, and management of infectious diseases in cancer patients [1].

Preventing infectious diseases in cancer patients requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both modifiable risk factors and underlying vulnerabilities. This article explores the strategies and solutions for mitigating the burden of infectious diseases in individuals undergoing cancer treatment, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to patient care [2].

Cancer and infectious diseases often coexist, presenting a dual threat to patient health and well-being. Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy, can compromise the immune system, impairing its ability to fend off pathogens [3].

Additionally, invasive procedures, prolonged hospitalizations, and exposure to healthcare-associated infections further contribute to the risk of infectious complications in cancer patients. Common infectious agents encountered in this population include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and opportunistic pathogens, each posing unique challenges in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment [4].

Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing vaccine-preventable infections, such as influenza, pneumococcal disease, and hepatitis B, in cancer patients. Vaccination should be administered prior to initiating cancer treatment whenever possible, as immunosuppression may compromise vaccine efficacy. Additionally, infection control measures, including hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and isolation precautions, are essential for reducing the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings [5].

Antimicrobial prophylaxis involves the administration of antimicrobial agents to prevent infections in high-risk cancer patients. Prophylactic antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals may be prescribed to prevent bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, respectively, in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. However, the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis should be guided by local epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and individual patient risk factors to minimize the risk of adverse effects and antimicrobial resistance [6].

Early diagnosis of infectious diseases is critical for timely intervention and optimal patient outcomes. Diagnostic approaches in cancer patients may include a combination of clinical evaluation, microbiological testing, imaging studies, and molecular diagnostics. Blood cultures, respiratory specimens, and tissue biopsies are commonly used to identify infectious agents and guide targeted therapy. Emerging technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and multiplex PCR assays, offer rapid and sensitive methods for detecting pathogens and characterizing antimicrobial resistance profiles in cancer patients [7].

The management of infectious diseases in cancer patients requires a tailored approach that considers the type of infection, underlying malignancy, immune status, and treatment-related factors. Empiric antimicrobial therapy should be initiated promptly based on clinical suspicion and local epidemiology while awaiting diagnostic test results. Antimicrobial stewardship programs play a vital role in optimizing antimicrobial use, minimizing unnecessary antibiotic exposure, and preventing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in cancer patients [8].

Immunomodulatory therapies, such as cytokine therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cell therapy, have revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system to target cancer cells. However, these therapies can also affect immune function and increase the risk of infectious complications. Close monitoring for immune-related adverse events, prompt recognition, and appropriate management are essential for minimizing the risk of infectious diseases in patients receiving immunomodulatory therapies [9].

Supportive care interventions play a critical role in managing infectious diseases and minimizing treatment-related complications in cancer patients. Supportive care measures, such as nutritional support, hydration, pain management, and psychosocial support, help maintain patient comfort, optimize immune function, and improve treatment tolerance. Additionally, prophylactic growth factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF), may be administered to reduce the risk of febrile neutropenia and infections in patients undergoing chemotherapy [10].

conclusion

Infectious diseases pose significant challenges in the management of cancer patients, requiring a comprehensive and integrated approach to patient care. Strategies for preventing and managing infectious complications in cancer patients include vaccination, antimicrobial prophylaxis, diagnostic testing, tailored treatment approaches, immunomodulatory therapies, supportive care interventions, and antimicrobial stewardship programs. By implementing evidence-based practices and fostering collaboration among healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers, and patient advocates, we can improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for cancer patients facing infectious diseases.

References

  1. Gotwals P, Cameron S, Cipolletta D, et al. Prospects for combining targeted and conventional cancer therapy with immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17(5):286-301.

    2. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  2. Kuryk L, Bertinato L, Staniszewska M, et al. From conventional therapies to immunotherapy: melanoma treatment in review. Cancer. 2020;12(10):3057.

    3. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  3. García-Fernández C, Saz A, Fornaguera C, et al. Cancer immunotherapies revisited: state of the art of conventional treatments and next-generation nanomedicines. Cancer Gene Ther. 2021;28(9):935-46.

    4. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  4. Bouzid R, Peppelenbosch M, Buschow SI. Opportunities for conventional and in situ cancer vaccine strategies and combination with immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers, a review. Cancer. 2020;12(5):1121.

    5. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  5. Zhang S, Chopin M, Nutt SL. Type 1 conventional dendritic cells: ontogeny, function, and emerging roles in cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol. 2021;42(12):1113-27.

    6. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  6. Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunological mechanisms underneath the efficacy of cancer therapy. Cancer Immunol Res. 2016;4(11):895-902.

    7. Indexed at, Google Scholar

  7. Demaria O, Cornen S, Daëron M, et al. Harnessing innate immunity in cancer therapy. Nat. 2019;574(7776):45-56.

    8. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  8. Voena C, Chiarle R. Advances in cancer immunology and cancer immunotherapy. Discov Med. 2016;21(114):125-33.

    9. Indexed at, Google Scholar

  9. Park JH, Lee HK. Function of γδ T cells in tumor immunology and their application to cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med. 2021;53(3):318-27.

    10. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  10. Gotwals P, Cameron S, Cipolletta D, et al. Prospects for combining targeted and conventional cancer therapy with immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17(5):286-301.

    11. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

Get the App