Opinion Article - Archives of Digestive Disorders (2025) Volume 7, Issue 2

Peptic ulcer disease: Current insights and global impact

Ayako Tanaka^*

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan

*Corresponding Author:

Ayako Tanaka
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Tokyo, Japan.
E-mail: atanaa@u-tokyo.ac.jp

Received : 03-Apr-2025, Manuscript No. AAADD-25-193; Editor assigned : 07-Apr-2025, PreQC No. AAADD-25-193(PQ); Reviewed : 25-Apr-2025, QC No AAADD-25-193; Revised : 06-May-2025, Manuscript No. AAADD-25-193(R); Published : 15-May-2025 , DOI : 10.35841/ aaadd-7.2.193

Citation: Tanaka A. Peptic ulcer disease: Current insights and global impac. Arch Dig Disord. 2025;07(02):193.

Introduction

This review provides an updated overview of Helicobacter pylori infection, covering its diagnosis, current treatment strategies, and challenges such as antibiotic resistance. It emphasizes personalized approaches to eradication and highlights emerging therapeutic options to improve patient outcomes in peptic ulcer disease and other H. pylori-related conditions[1].

This review summarizes current strategies for preventing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced peptic ulcers. It discusses risk factors, the roles of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and COX-2 selective inhibitors, and emerging approaches to minimize gastrointestinal toxicity while ensuring effective pain and inflammation management in patients requiring NSAID therapy[2].

This article updates on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of peptic ulcer bleeding, a serious complication. It covers risk stratification, optimal timing for endoscopy, endoscopic hemostatic techniques, pharmacological interventions, and the role of interventional radiology, aiming to improve outcomes for patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage[3].

This paper reviews the prevention and treatment of stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD), including stress ulcers, a significant concern in critically ill patients. It discusses risk factors, the efficacy of acid suppressants like PPIs and H2-receptor antagonists, and strategies to balance prophylaxis benefits against potential adverse effects, emphasizing targeted intervention[4].

This article explores the current status and future perspectives of endoscopic diagnosis for peptic ulcer disease. It details advanced endoscopic techniques, including image-enhanced endoscopy and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, which are improving the accuracy of ulcer detection, characterization, and identification of underlying causes like H. pylori and malignancy[5].

This systematic review and meta-analysis identifies and quantifies major risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. It consolidates evidence on the roles of Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, and genetic predispositions, offering insights for targeted prevention strategies and patient counseling[6].

This review discusses recent pharmacological advancements in treating peptic ulcer disease, focusing on new agents and optimized regimens for H. pylori eradication, acid suppression, and mucosal protection. It covers challenges in drug resistance and explores novel drug delivery systems and combination therapies aimed at improving efficacy and reducing side effects[7].

This systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 provides comprehensive data on the global, regional, and national burden of peptic ulcer disease. It quantifies incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to peptic ulcers, highlighting geographical disparities and trends, informing public health priorities[8].

This review provides an overview of peptic ulcer disease in children, addressing its unique epidemiological features, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies compared to adults. It discusses the prevalence of H. pylori and NSAID-induced ulcers in the pediatric population, emphasizing tailored treatment approaches and the importance of identifying underlying causes[9].

This narrative review explores the intricate relationship between lifestyle factors and peptic ulcer disease. It discusses the impact of diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, and physical activity on ulcer development, recurrence, and healing, offering practical insights for lifestyle modifications as part of a holistic management approach[10].

Conclusion

Peptic ulcer disease is a complex gastrointestinal condition extensively reviewed across recent literature. Key areas of focus include updated insights into Helicobacter pylori infection, covering diagnosis, treatment strategies, and challenges like antibiotic resistance, emphasizing personalized eradication approaches. Prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced ulcers, considering risk factors and the roles of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and COX-2 inhibitors, is also highlighted. Management of serious complications like peptic ulcer bleeding involves risk stratification, endoscopic techniques, and pharmacological interventions. Stress-related mucosal disease, including stress ulcers in critically ill patients, warrants specific prevention and treatment strategies. Further research explores advancements in endoscopic diagnosis, incorporating image-enhanced endoscopy and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for improved ulcer detection and characterization. Pharmacological treatments are advancing with new agents and optimized regimens for H. pylori eradication, acid suppression, and mucosal protection. A systematic analysis details the global burden of peptic ulcer disease, quantifying incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) to inform public health. Additionally, specialized reviews address peptic ulcer disease in children, noting unique epidemiological features and tailored management, alongside the significant impact of lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking, alcohol, and stress on ulcer development and healing.

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