Rapid Communication - Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Allied Science (2023) Volume 7, Issue 4

One Health Approaches to Addressing Wildlife Disease Transmission to Domesticated Animals

David Joseph ^*

Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Japan

*Corresponding Author:

David Joseph
Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
E-mail: David45@un.tsukuba.ac.jp

Received: 02-July-2023, Manuscript No. AAVMAS-23-112348; Editor assigned: 03- July -2023, PreQC No. AAVMAS-23-112348 (PQ); Reviewed:16- July -2023, QC No. AAVMAS-23-112348; Revised:18- July -2023, Manuscript No. AAVMAS-23-112348 (R); Published:25- July -2023, DOI:10.35841/aavmas-7.4.158

Citation: Joseph D. One Health Approaches to Addressing Wildlife Disease Transmission to Domesticated Animals. J Vet Med Allied Sci. 2023;7(4):158

Abstract

Introduction

In an interconnected world where humans, animals, and the environment coexist, the health of one component profoundly affects the others. This holistic perspective, known as the One Health approach, recognizes the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health. One area where the One Health approach is of paramount importance is in the transmission of diseases from wildlife to domesticated animals. Wildlife can carry pathogens that may pose a threat to livestock, pets, and even human health. In this article, we will explore the significance of the One Health approach in addressing wildlife disease transmission to domesticated animals, highlighting the challenges and strategies involved [1].

The interface between wildlife and domesticated animals is a dynamic zone where infectious diseases can readily spill over. This interaction occurs in various settings, including agricultural landscapes, peri-urban areas, and even in our own homes. Many diseases originating in wildlife can jump the species barrier and infect domesticated animals or humans. Examples include avian influenza, rabies, and West Nile virus [2].

Reservoir Species: Certain wildlife species can act as reservoirs for pathogens that affect domesticated animals. For instance, white-tailed deer can harbor the bacterium causing bovine tuberculosis, which can infect cattle. Wildlife can serve as hosts for disease vectors like ticks and mosquitoes. When these vectors bite domesticated animals, they can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease and West Nile virus [3].

Wildlife ecosystems are intricate, with numerous species interplaying in complex ways. Understanding the dynamics of disease transmission within these ecosystems is a significant challenge. The potential for diseases to jump between species is a continuous concern. Monitoring and controlling these events can be difficult, as pathogens often evolve to exploit new hosts. Detecting disease outbreaks in wildlife populations can be challenging due to the vast and remote habitats they inhabit. Early detection is crucial to prevent spillover into domesticated animals [4].

Balancing conservation efforts with the protection of domesticated animals is often complicated by human-wildlife conflict. Wildlife control measures can inadvertently promote disease transmission. One Health encourages collaboration among professionals in human, animal, and environmental health. Establishing interdisciplinary teams helps to address complex problems at the wildlife-domesticated animal interface [5].

Conclusion

The One Health approach offers a powerful framework for addressing the complex issue of disease transmission from wildlife to domesticated animals. By recognizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, we can develop strategies to minimize the risks associated with zoonotic diseases and protect our pets, livestock, and ourselves. While challenges remain, collaborative efforts among professionals in human medicine, veterinary medicine, ecology, and public health can lead to more effective disease prevention and control measures at the wildlife-domesticated animal interface. Ultimately, a holistic perspective is key to fostering a healthier coexistence between wildlife and domesticated animals in our shared environment.

References

1. Cunningham AA. One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress?. Philos Trans Royal Soc B: Biol Sci. 2017;372(1725):20160167.

 Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref  

2. Landford J, Nunn M. Good governance in'one health'approaches. Rev Sci Tech. 2012;31(2):561-75.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

3. Mwangi W. One health: addressing global challenges at the nexus of human, animal, and environmental health. PLOS pathogens. 2016;12(9):e1005731.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

4. Prata JC. An introduction to the concept of One Health. InOne Health 2022. Academic Press.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

5. Calistri P . The components of ‘one world–one health’approach. Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2013;60:4-13.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref