Neuroprotection and Glaucoma: Advancements in Preserving Vision

Jiali Davidsen

doi:10.35841/oer-9.2.267

Short Communication - Ophthalmology Case Reports (2025) Volume 9, Issue 2

Neuroprotection and Glaucoma: Advancements in Preserving Vision

Jiali Davidsen^*

Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou Huaxia Eye Hospital,China

*Corresponding Author:: Jiali Davidsen
Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou Huaxia Eye Hospital, China
E-mail: davjiali0331@outlook.com

Received:01-Apr-2025,Manuscript No.OER-25-164478; Editor assigned:02-Apr-2025, PreQC No.OER-25-164478; Reviewed:10-Apr-2025,QC No.OER-25-164478; Revised:21-Apr-2025,Manuscript No.OER-25-164478(R); Published: 30-Apr-2025, DOI:10.35841/ 10.35841/oer-9.2.267

Citation: Sun R. Corneal Therapies: Advancements and Treatments for Vision Restoration. Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2025;9(2):266

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Abstract

Introduction

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. The most common form, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), but it can also occur with normal IOP levels [1].

While traditional treatments focus primarily on lowering IOP to prevent further damage, recent research has highlighted the importance of neuroprotection a strategy aimed at protecting the optic nerve from further degeneration. This approach is crucial in understanding and managing glaucoma, as it seeks to preserve optic nerve function even when IOP levels are controlled. In this article, we delve into the concept of neuroprotection in glaucoma, its mechanisms, and the promising therapies and interventions being explored to prevent vision loss in glaucoma patients[2].

At the core of glaucoma lies the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the loss of their axons, which form the optic nerve. The exact causes of this damage are multifactorial, but elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the most significant modifiable risk factor. Increased IOP can compress the optic nerve, leading to reduced blood flow and ischemia, which ultimately results in cellular stress and RGC death [3].

However, glaucoma can also occur in the absence of high IOP, as seen in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), where other factors such as vascular insufficiency, genetic predisposition, and cellular susceptibility come into play. Although lowering IOP remains the primary treatment strategy for glaucoma, many patients continue to experience optic nerve damage despite achieving IOP control. This has led researchers to focus on neuroprotective strategies to directly target the optic nerve and preserve its function, even in the presence of risk factors like elevated IOP [4, 5].

Neuroprotection refers to any intervention or strategy that aims to prevent, slow down, or reverse neuronal damage and degeneration. In the context of glaucoma, neuroprotection focuses on preserving the function and survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which are critical for vision. Since the optic nerve cannot regenerate itself after damage, neuroprotective therapies aim to protect these cells from further injury. Neuroprotection differs from traditional glaucoma treatments, which primarily lower IOP. While IOPlowering therapies are essential, neuroprotective strategies add an extra layer of protection by addressing the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to RGC degeneration [

Several neuroprotective strategies are being explored to preserve vision in glaucoma patients, ranging from pharmacological therapies to surgical interventions. While many of these therapies are still in clinical trials, they represent a promising future for treating glaucoma beyond IOP-lowering treatments. Stem cell therapy is another exciting avenue for neuroprotection in glaucoma. By transplanting stem cells or progenitor cells into the retina, researchers aim to regenerate damaged RGCs and restore optic nerve function [

Although stem cell therapy for glaucoma is still in the experimental stages, it holds the potential for long-term vision restoration and neuroprotection. New surgical approaches, such as minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), focus on reducing IOP while minimizing damage to the optic nerve. These procedures aim to enhance the outflow of aqueous humour and reduce pressure within the eye, all while preserving the health of the optic nerve. Nanotechnology is an emerging field with the potential to revolutionize the delivery of neuroprotective drugs. By using nanoparticles to deliver drugs directly to the retina or optic nerve, researchers can achieve targeted therapy, reduce systemic side effects, and improve the effectiveness of neuroprotective treatments. [

Conclusion

Glaucoma remains one of the most challenging eye diseases, with the potential to cause irreversible vision loss. While managing intraocular pressure remains the cornerstone of treatment, neuroprotection is emerging as a critical strategy to prevent further optic nerve damage and preserve vision. Advances in pharmacological agents, gene therapy, stem cells, and surgical techniques are paving the way for new and more effective treatments for glaucoma. As research continues, neuroprotective strategies may become an integral part of glaucoma management, offering hope for a future where vision loss from glaucoma can be prevented or significantly delayed.