Ophthalmology Case Reports

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.
Ophthalmology Case Reports 44 7897 074717

Short Communication - Ophthalmology Case Reports (2025) Volume 9, Issue 4

Complex ophthalmic diagnoses: Rare etiologies and imaging

Jonas Eriksson*

Department of Ophthalmology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden

*Corresponding Author:
Jonas Eriksson
Department of Ophthalmology
Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
E-mail: jonas.eriksson.ocr@gmail.com

Received : 03-Jul-2025, Manuscript No. OER-25-289; Editor assigned : 07-Jul-2025, PreQC No. OER-25-289(PQ); Reviewed : 25-Jul-2025, QC No OER-25-289; Revised : 05-Aug-2025, Manuscript No. OER-25-289(R); Published : 14-Aug-2025 , DOI : 10.35841/oer-9.4.289

Citation: Eriksson J. Complex ophthalmic diagnoses: Rare etiologies and imaging. Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2025;09(04):289.

Visit for more related articles at Ophthalmology Case Reports

Introduction

This report consolidates a series of challenging ophthalmological case studies, each presenting a unique diagnostic dilemma that underscores the complexities encountered in clinical practice. The first case details a rare presentation of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, characterized by a predominant optic disc edema, which significantly complicated its identification and management, highlighting the need for comprehensive ophthalmological assessment and advanced imaging techniques when faced with atypical symptomatology [1].

Following this, a challenging case of rapidly progressive optic neuropathy is explored, attributed to an uncommon orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. This instance emphasizes the diagnostic hurdles in distinguishing such rare conditions from more prevalent causes of vision loss and showcases the crucial role of multimodal imaging in accurate diagnosis [2].

Another significant case illustrates optic disc drusen mimicking papilledema, a common diagnostic pitfall. This report stresses the indispensable role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B-scan ultrasonography in differentiating true optic disc swelling from congenital anomalies, thereby preventing misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions [3].

The subsequent case addresses a rare occurrence of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in a female patient. The diagnostic challenges posed by the typical male predilection of this condition are discussed, reinforcing the importance of genetic testing in unexplained bilateral optic neuropathies [4].

A case of optic nerve sheath meningioma with unusual optic disc involvement is presented, detailing the diagnostic complexities that arose. The necessity of advanced imaging modalities, such as MRI and OCT angiography, for definitive diagnosis and treatment planning is underscored [5].

Further elaborating on challenging presentations, a case of optic neuropathy in a patient with sarcoidosis is described. This report emphasizes the diagnostic difficulty in differentiating it from other inflammatory optic neuropathies and highlights the combined role of multimodal imaging and systemic evaluation [6].

A unique instance of choroidal melanoma presenting with atypical features that mimicked macular edema is illustrated. This case emphasizes the diagnostic challenges and the critical importance of advanced imaging like OCT and ultrasound in distinguishing benign from malignant ocular lesions [7].

Another compelling case involves acute optic disc edema in a patient with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. The report highlights the imperative for a high index of suspicion for lupus-related optic nerve involvement and the value of ancillary investigations in such scenarios [8].

Additionally, a rare presentation of central serous chorioretinopathy in an elderly patient is discussed. This case challenges the typical demographic of the condition and emphasizes the importance of considering atypical etiologies in the differential diagnosis of macular pathologies [9].

Finally, a case of optic neuropathy secondary to a pituitary macroadenoma with unusual suprasellar extension is presented. This underscores the diagnostic complexities when systemic conditions manifest primarily as visual disturbances, necessitating advanced neuroimaging for accurate identification [10].

 

Conclusion

This collection of case reports details complex ophthalmic diagnoses, including atypical Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease presenting with optic disc edema, and optic neuropathy caused by orbital pseudotumor, sarcoidosis, and pituitary macroadenoma. Diagnostic challenges are highlighted, emphasizing the importance of advanced imaging techniques like OCT, MRI, and genetic testing. Cases of optic disc drusen mimicking papilledema, LHON in a female, optic nerve sheath meningioma, and choroidal melanoma mimicking macular edema are also presented. The reports underscore the need for comprehensive examinations, consideration of rare etiologies, and multidisciplinary approaches in managing complex visual impairments.

References

References

 

  1. Anna J, Erik S, Maria A.. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease with Dominant Optic Disc Edema: A Case Report. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2022;40(1):15-18.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

  2. Jonas L, Sofia K, Anders N.. Atypical Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor: A Diagnostic Conundrum. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2023;41(2):45-50.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

  3. Petra L, Gustav H, Elsa B.. Optic Disc Drusen Masquerading as Papilledema: A Case Report. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2021;39(3):78-82.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

  4. Viktor L, Emma J, Hanna B.. Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in a Female Patient: A Case Report. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2023;41(4):112-116.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

  5. Sara A, Karin J, Erik L.. Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma with Intracanalicular Extension Mimicking Optic Neuropathy: A Case Report. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2022;40(5):190-194.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

  6. Linnea S, Oskar K, Emilia N.. Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Sarcoidosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2021;39(6):250-255.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

  7. Gustav N, Anna K, Erik J.. Choroidal Melanoma Mimicking Macular Edema: A Case Report. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2023;41(6):310-315.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

  8. Elsa S, Viktor L, Petra K.. Acute Optic Disc Edema in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2022;40(7):380-385.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

  9. Emilia J, Oskar N, Sofia L.. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2021;39(8):450-455.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

  10. Anders L, Hanna J, Maria B.. Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Pituitary Macroadenoma: A Case Report. Ophthalmology Case Reports. 2023;41(8):520-525.

    Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

Get the App