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Review Article - Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2022) Volume 12, Issue 92
Use of Low Osmolarity Oral Rehydration Salt solution (LORS) in the treatment of dehydration in children.
Background: Diarrhea is 2nd biggest cause of mortality in young individuals who are under the age of five in India, after pneumonia. According to the 4th National Family Health Survey, 9.2 percent of children under the age of five had diarrhoea in the previous two weeks. LORS is an important step in management of Diarrhea or Dehydration. As diarrhea being very common in India and many other underdeveloped or developing countries, especially in child even, immediate therapy for dehydration in diarrhea is important, usually by oral rehydration therapy or by intravenous saline. ORT is achieved by oral rehydration solution but in children Low Osmolarity Oral Rehydration Salt solution (LORS) is mostly used. Justification: The IAP's "Comprehensive Management of Diarrhea" recommendations were last published in 2006, with a reassessment in 2016. Low Osmolarity Rehydration Solution (LORS) was a recommendation of the WHO in 2002 and by our Government in 2004 as the universal rehydration solution for people of all age groups and for all the various types of dehydration. Even after such initiation, the usage of LORS on India remained low, at 51 percent, despite an increase in awareness of ORS from 14 percent in 2005 to 69 percent in 2015. Objectives: To present the most recent research on ORT and to equip pediatricians, particularly those working in rural settings, to better manage dehydration by incorporating LORS. There were a lot of different compositions of ORS available in India, which created a lot of confusions. This more modern formula of LORS has higher attractiveness than vintage WHO ORS. LORS also can be used in, intense acute malnutrition, neonates and infants, extreme dehydration, renal failure, acute febrile illness, dengue and different viral infections, typhoid, malaria and warmth stroke. Conclusion: Decreased osmolarity ORS that is LORS is good enough to control dehydration in maximum amount of children. At present, the usage of ORS for management of diarrhea, in ultimate NFHS-4 remains low, even though attention is extensively higher. Hence use of LORS is recommended for both diarrhea and dehydration.
Author(s): Bhushan Bawankar*