Developing vaccines to bust future pandemics

The COVID-19 episodes are the worst infectious infections that have ever been documented. An influenza virus that was four to five times more lethal than COVID-19 caused a pandemic that swept the world a century ago. Furthermore, Coronavirus outbreaks (SARS and MERS), which are around 20 and 70 times more deadly than SARS-CoV-2, respectively, have only occurred this century. Only the non-transmissibility of COVID-19 prevented a catastrophe of  inconceivable proportions. Vaccination is the cornerstone of modern culture's defence against the threat of infectious illnesses. They will be crucial to any subsequent response and our best line of defence against pandemic threats.