Immunology Case Reports

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Editorial - Immunology Case Reports (2025) Volume 8, Issue 2

The Role of Immune Profiling in Tailoring Cancer Therapies

Marsh Casino *

Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, United States

*Corresponding Author:
Marsh Casino
Department of Biology,
University of New Mexico,
United States
E-mail:marshc@umich.edu

Received:02-Jan-2025, Manuscript No. AAICR-25-171196; Editor assigned:03-Jan-2025, PreQC No. AAICR-25-171196(PQ); Reviewed:18-Jan-2025, QC No. AAICR-25-171196; Revised:24-Jan-2025, Manuscript No. AAICR-25-171196(R); Published:31-Jan-2025, DOI:10.35841/aaicr-8.2.196

Citation: Casino M. The role of immune profiling in tailoring cancer therapies. Immunol Case Rep. 2025;8(2):196

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Introduction

Cancer treatment has undergone a paradigm shift with the rise of immunotherapy, a strategy that harnesses the body’s immune system to fight malignancies. While immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapies have shown remarkable success in certain cancers, their efficacy varies widely among patients. Modern immune profiling integrates data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to create a holistic view of the immune landscape. Despite its promise, immune profiling faces challenges: Variability in sample collection, processing, and analysis. High-tech platforms may not be available in all settings.This variability has prompted the need for precision approaches—enter immune profiling. By analyzing the composition, functionality, and dynamics of a patient’s immune system, immune profiling enables clinicians to tailor cancer therapies to individual immunological landscapes, improving outcomes and minimizing toxicity [1].

Immune profiling refers to the comprehensive analysis of immune cells, cytokines, gene expression patterns, and other biomarkers in a patient’s blood or tumor microenvironment. Techniques include: These tools provide a snapshot of the immune system’s status, revealing whether it is primed to attack cancer or suppressed by tumor-induced mechanisms. This multi-omics approach enables: Machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly used to analyze complex datasets, uncovering patterns that inform personalized treatment. Immune profiling has become essential in predicting which patients will benefit from immunotherapy. High levels of PD-L1 on tumor cells or immune cells correlate with better responses to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in lung, bladder, and head-and-neck cancers [2].

A high TMB suggests more neoantigens, increasing the likelihood of immune recognition and response. “Hot” tumors with abundant cytotoxic T cells respond better than “cold” tumors lacking immune infiltration. These biomarkers guide treatment decisions, helping avoid ineffective therapies and unnecessary side effects. Immune profiling also informs the use of combination therapies. For instance, patients with low T-cell infiltration may benefit from therapies that recruit immune cells to the tumor, such as: Conversely, patients with exhausted T cells may require checkpoint inhibitors to reinvigorate immune responses. Profiling allows clinicians to match the right combination to the right patient, enhancing efficacy [3].

Beyond prediction, immune profiling enables real-time monitoring of treatment response. Changes in immune cell populations, cytokine levels, and gene expression can indicate whether a therapy is working or if resistance is developing. Suggests successful immune activation. May signal immune suppression and resistance. Associated with poor outcomes. Tracking these changes helps clinicians adjust treatment strategies dynamically. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized treatment for hematologic malignancies. However, its success depends on the patient’s immune profile [4].

Patients with robust, non-exhausted T cells are better candidates. Influences CAR T-cell expansion and persistence. Guides selection of CAR targets. Immune profiling ensures that CAR T-cell products are tailored to individual patients, improving safety and efficacy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in shaping immune responses. Immune profiling of the TME reveals, Presence of T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc. Influence immune cell recruitment and function. This information helps identify mechanisms of immune evasion and guides the design of therapies to remodel the TME [5].

Conclusion

Immune profiling is transforming cancer care by enabling personalized immunotherapy strategies. By decoding the immune system’s interactions with tumors, clinicians can predict responses, monitor progress, and overcome resistance. As precision oncology advances, immune profiling will be central to tailoring therapies that are not only effective but also aligned with each patient’s unique biology. The era of one-size-fits-all cancer treatment is fading—replaced by a future where immune intelligence drives therapeutic success.

References

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