Editorial - Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Research (2025) Volume 10, Issue 2

Music Therapy as a Cognitive Rehabilitation Tool in Dementia

Department of Neurorehabilitation, University of Lisbon, Portugal.

*Corresponding Author:

Carlos Mendes
Department of Neurorehabilitation
University of Lisbon, Portugal.
E-mail: carlos.mendes@ulisboa.pt

Received: 03-Apr-2025, Manuscript No. JNNR-25-169111; Editor assigned: 04-Apr-2025, PreQC No. JNNR-25-1691115(PQ); Reviewed: 18-Apr-2025, QC No JNNR-25-1691115; Revised: 21-Apr-2025, Manuscript No. JNNR-25-1691115(R); Published: 28-Apr-2025, DOI:10.35841/aajnnr-10.2.255

Citation: Mendes C. Music therapy as a cognitive rehabilitation tool in dementia. J Neurol Neurorehab Res. 2025;10(2):255.

Introduction

Music therapy has gained recognition as a valuable cognitive rehabilitation tool for individuals living with dementia, offering a non-pharmacological approach that can stimulate memory, attention, and emotional well-being. Dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, often affects communication skills, mood regulation, and social interaction, making daily life increasingly challenging for patients and their caregivers. Music has the unique ability to activate widespread brain networks, including those involved in memory, emotion, and motor coordination. Even in advanced stages of dementia, where verbal communication may be severely impaired, the capacity to perceive and respond to music often remains intact. Through structured music therapy sessions, individuals can engage in singing, playing instruments, or simply listening to familiar melodies, which can evoke past memories, promote self-expression, and foster a sense of connection with others [1].

One of the most compelling aspects of music therapy in dementia care is its impact on memory retrieval. Familiar songs from earlier life can trigger autobiographical memories, helping patients recall personal experiences and reconnect with their identity. This phenomenon, known as the “reminiscence effect,” occurs because music-related memories are often stored in brain areas less affected by neurodegeneration in the early stages of dementia. For example, hearing a song associated with a wedding or a favorite holiday can elicit vivid recollections and emotions, enabling patients to engage in conversations about their past. These moments of recognition not only provide comfort but also strengthen relationships between patients and caregivers, enhancing the overall quality of life [2].

Music therapy also plays a significant role in enhancing communication and social engagement in individuals with dementia. Even when language abilities decline, patients may still hum, sing, or move rhythmically to music, providing an alternative means of self-expression. Group music sessions, in particular, encourage social interaction by fostering shared experiences and a sense of belonging. Participants often respond to each other’s singing or movement, creating moments of mutual recognition and joy. Such interactions can help reduce feelings of isolation and depression, which are common in dementia. Additionally, music-making activities can stimulate coordination and motor skills, as patients clap, tap, or play simple percussion instruments in time with the rhythm [3].

In addition to cognitive and social benefits, music therapy has been shown to reduce behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, such as agitation, anxiety, and aggression. These symptoms often pose significant challenges for caregivers and can lead to increased reliance on medication. Engaging patients in soothing or familiar music can help regulate mood and promote relaxation, reducing the frequency and intensity of disruptive behaviors. The rhythmic and predictable structure of music can create a calming environment, particularly in care settings where patients may feel disoriented or overstimulated. By providing a positive and emotionally supportive atmosphere, music therapy can contribute to a more peaceful and cooperative daily routine for both patients and caregivers [4].

While the benefits of music therapy in dementia care are well-documented, its implementation requires careful consideration of individual preferences, cultural background, and cognitive abilities. Not all patients respond to the same types of music, and therapists must tailor interventions to suit personal histories and current needs. Live music, where possible, can be especially effective because it allows for dynamic adjustment to the patient’s responses and fosters a more interactive experience. Collaboration between music therapists, healthcare professionals, and family members is essential to ensure that music therapy is integrated into a comprehensive care plan. Ongoing research continues to explore the optimal frequency, duration, and delivery methods of music therapy, as well as its potential to slow cognitive decline and improve long-term outcomes in dementia [5].

Conclusion

Music therapy offers a powerful and multifaceted approach to cognitive rehabilitation in dementia, engaging preserved neural pathways to stimulate memory, enhance communication, and improve emotional well-being. Its ability to evoke personal memories, foster social connection, and reduce behavioral symptoms makes it a valuable complement to medical and caregiving strategies. By personalizing music experiences and integrating them into daily routines, therapists and caregivers can create meaningful opportunities for self-expression and connection, even in the face of progressive cognitive loss. As research advances, music therapy is poised to play an increasingly important role in holistic dementia care, providing comfort, joy, and dignity to those affected by the condition.

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