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Mini Review - Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2023) Volume 13, Issue 99
Microbiology plays an important role in Biotechnology field
Rajat Choudhari*
Department of General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.
- *Corresponding Author:
- Rajat Choudhari
Department of General Surgery
Kasturba Medical College
Mangalore, India.
E-mail:Rajatc90@gmail.com
Received:30-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. AABPS-23-90387; Editor assigned: 03-Apr-2023,PreQC No. AABPS-23-90387(PQ); Reviewed:17-Apr-2023,QC No AABPS-23-90387; Revised:21-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. AABPS-23-90387(R); Published:28-Apr-2023,DOI:10.35841/aarrgs-13.100.176
Citation: Choudhari R. Microbiology plays an important role in Biotechnology field. Asian J Biomed Pharmaceut Sci. 2023;13(99):174
Abstract
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. These tiny living creatures are found everywhere, from the air we breathe to the food we eat. They play an essential role in various fields, including medicine, biotechnology, and environmental science. The study of microbiology has led to many significant discoveries, including the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and the understanding of the human microbiome. In this article, we will explore the unique aspects of microbiology and its importance in various fields.
Keywords
Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, COVID-19.
Introduction
Microorganisms and Their Classification
Microorganisms are classified based on their cellular structure and function. The three main types of microorganisms are bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bacteria are unicellular organisms that can be found in many different environments. They have a cell wall that protects the cell from external factors and contains genetic material in the form of DNA. Bacteria can be classified into different groups based on their shape, size, and arrangement. Some common examples of bacteria include Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus. Viruses, on the other hand, are not considered living organisms as they cannot replicate or carry out any metabolic processes on their own. They are made up of a protein coat that surrounds genetic material in the form of either DNA or RNA. Viruses can only replicate within a host cell, and they cause diseases such as HIV, influenza, and COVID-19.Fungi are another type of microorganism that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. They are eukaryotic organisms that have a cell wall made of chitin. Fungi can be found in a wide range of environments, and some species can cause infections in humans.[1].
Unique Aspects of Microbiology
Microbiology has many unique aspects that make it an exciting field of study. One of the most unique features of microorganisms is their ability to adapt to changing environments. Microorganisms can survive in extreme environments, including high temperatures, high pressure, and low pH levels. Some species can even survive in the vacuum of space. Another unique aspect of microbiology is the ability of microorganisms to form symbiotic relationships with other organisms. For example, bacteria in the gut microbiome help digest food and produce vitamins that are essential for human health. Some bacteria can also form mutualistic relationships with plants by fixing nitrogen in the soil. Microorganisms also have unique metabolic pathways that allow them to break down complex organic compounds. For example, some bacteria can break down petroleum products, making them useful for bioremediation of oil spills. Other bacteria can produce enzymes that are used in the production of biofuels [2].
Importance of Microbiology in Medicine
Microbiology has played a crucial role in the field of medicine, particularly in the development of antibiotics and vaccines. Antibiotics are drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, and they have saved countless lives since their discovery. Penicillin, the first antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Since then, many other antibiotics have been developed, including tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Vaccines are another important development in the field of microbiology. Vaccines contain weakened or killed microorganisms that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies. This helps the body fight off the infection if it encounters the microorganism in the future [3,].
Vaccines have been developed for many infectious diseases, including polio, measles, and hepatitis B. Microbiology has also helped in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Microorganisms can be cultured and identified in the laboratory using various techniques, including Gram staining and PCR. These techniques allow clinicians to identify the cause of the infection and prescribe appropriate treatment. Microbiology and biotechnology are two closely related fields that are concerned with the study and manipulation of microorganisms for various applications. Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, while biotechnology involves the use of living organisms or their components to produce useful products or perform specific tasks. In this article, we will explore the importance of microbiology in biotechnology and how these two fields are interdependent [4].
Biotechnology has revolutionized the way we live, work, and produce goods. It has given rise to new industries, such as biopharmaceuticals, agricultural biotechnology, and industrial biotechnology, which have the potential to address many of the world's most pressing problems, such as food security, healthcare, and environmental sustainability. Microbiology plays a crucial role in biotechnology, as many of the tools, techniques, and products of biotechnology are based on our understanding of microorganisms. One of the most important applications of microbiology in biotechnology is the production of recombinant proteins. Recombinant proteins are proteins that are produced by genetically engineered organisms, such as bacteria or yeast, and are used in a wide range of applications, such as drug development, food production, and industrial processes. Microorganisms are ideal for producing recombinant proteins, as they are easy to manipulate genetically, grow quickly, and can produce large quantities of protein [5,].
Conclusion
Microorganisms are also used in the production of antibiotics, which are used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics are compounds that are produced by microorganisms to kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Many of the antibiotics that are used in medicine today, such as penicillin and tetracycline, were originally discovered as natural products of microorganisms. Today, most antibiotics are produced using synthetic methods, but the initial discovery of these compounds would not have been possible without an understanding of microbiology.
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