Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Research

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Perspective - Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Research (2025) Volume 10, Issue 4

Integrating Virtual Reality and Neurofeedback in Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Post-Stroke

Sofia Petrova*

Department of Neurophysiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.

*Corresponding Author:
Sofia Petrova
Department of Neurophysiology
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
E-mail: s.petrova@msu.ru

Received: 03-Oct-2025, Manuscript No. JNNR-25-171952; Editor assigned: 04-Oct-2025, PreQC No. JNNR-25-171952(PQ); Reviewed: 18-Oct-2025, QC No JNNR-25-171952; Revised: 21-Oct-2025, Manuscript No. JNNR-25-171952(R); Published: 28-Oct-2025, DOI:10.35841/ aajnnr -10.4.280

Citation: Petrova S. Integrating virtual reality and neurofeedback in cognitive and motor rehabilitation post-stroke. J Neurol Neurorehab Res. 2025;10(4):280.

Introduction

Stroke often results in combined motor and cognitive deficits, significantly affecting functional independence and quality of life. Traditional rehabilitation approaches have focused primarily on repetitive motor training; however, emerging technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and neurofeedback provide innovative methods to enhance recovery. VR creates immersive, interactive environments where patients can safely practice functional tasks, while neurofeedback allows real-time monitoring and modulation of cortical activity, reinforcing adaptive neural patterns. Integrating these tools into rehabilitation programs capitalizes on neuroplasticity to optimize functional outcomes [1].

VR-based interventions offer high-intensity, task-specific training with immediate performance feedback. Simulated real-world tasks promote engagement and multisensory integration, enhancing both motor coordination and cognitive processing. Adaptive VR platforms tailor task difficulty according to patient performance, maintaining challenge and motivation. Studies indicate that VR training improves upper-limb function, balance, and gait, while simultaneously stimulating cognitive processes such as attention, planning, and problem-solving. This dual engagement reinforces functional neural networks and facilitates transfer of skills to daily activities [2].

Neurofeedback enhances rehabilitation by providing patients with continuous information about their brain activity. By learning to modulate specific neural oscillations, patients can strengthen underactive networks and suppress maladaptive activity. When combined with VR, neurofeedback creates a closed-loop system in which neural activity directly influences task performance, promoting synaptic plasticity and functional network reorganization. This integrated approach has shown promise in accelerating both cognitive and motor recovery post-stroke [3].

Adjunctive neuromodulatory techniques further support rehabilitation outcomes. Non-invasive brain stimulation, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), enhances cortical excitability and potentiates synaptic changes associated with learning. Pharmacological agents targeting neurotransmitter systems involved in attention, learning, and motor control may further enhance responsiveness to training. Personalized, multi-modal interventions that combine VR, neurofeedback, neuromodulation, and pharmacology optimize neuroplasticity and functional restoration [4].

Challenges remain in standardizing these interventions, ensuring accessibility, and maintaining long-term engagement. Variability in lesion location, stroke severity, and baseline cognitive-motor capacity necessitates individualized treatment plans. Longitudinal assessment using neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and functional outcome measures is essential to monitor progress and refine therapy. Collaboration among neurologists, neuropsychologists, therapists, and engineers is crucial to translate these innovative technologies into routine clinical practice [5].

Conclusion

Integrating virtual reality and neurofeedback into post-stroke rehabilitation promotes simultaneous cognitive and motor recovery by harnessing neuroplasticity. Combining immersive, adaptive training with neuromodulation and pharmacological support enhances functional outcomes and patient engagement. Personalized, evidence-based approaches are essential to maximize recovery, improve independence, and enhance the quality of life for stroke survivors.

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