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D e c e m b e r 1 2 - 1 3 , 2 0 1 8 | A b u D h a b i , U A E
Journal of RNA and Genomics
|
Volume 14
Joint Event on
OF EXCELLENCE
IN INTERNATIONAL
MEETINGS
alliedacademies.comYEARS
Epidemiology Congress 2018 & Tropical Medicine Congress 2018
Archives of General Internal Medicine
|
ISSN: 2591-7951
|
Volume 2
&
TROPICAL MEDICINE, INFECTIOUS DISEASES & PUBLIC HEALTH
International Conference on
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH
World Congress on
Arch Gen Intern Med 2018, Volume 2 | DOI: 10.4066/2591-7951-C7-021
CHANGES IN SEXUAL BEHAVIORS
DUE TO THE UTILIZATION OF PREP
AS A PREVENTIVE METHOD FOR
THE TRANSMISSION OF HIV
Michael Dean Kaltenbach
University of Pennsylvania, USA
A
ccording to The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/
AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO),
approximately 33.4 million individuals throughout the world
have been affected by HIV/AIDS in the last 30 years or so (Bo-
nacquisti & Geller, 2013). The medication, Truvada, otherwise
known as PrEP, has been introduced to serve as a harm reduc-
tion technique to combat the spread of HIV infection. PrEP
is an antiretroviral drug that lowers the risk of HIV exposure.
This is a qualitative study examining the sexual behaviors of
gay and bisexual men prescribed PrEP as a preventive method
for the transmission of HIV. I conducted 30 semi-structured
in-depth interviews of people who had been prescribed PrEP
for at least 30 days in three cities: Los Angeles, Philadelphia,
and New York City. The results indicate that contextual fac-
tors shaped the sexual behaviors of participants on PrEP, lead-
ing them to lower risk at times, and elevate it at others. PrEP
caused individuals to experience changes within their commu-
nication patterns with their medical providers and their sexual
partners. The results shed light on the way people on PrEP
engage in sexual and health-seeking behaviors, and help to
develop a blueprint for the way service providers engage with
this community.
AUGMENTATION OF
TRICLABENDAZOLE THERAPY
WITH HERBAL EXTRACT IN OVINE
FASCIOLOSIS
Guesh N
1
, Etsay K
1
, Yohannes T
1
, Endale B
1
, Awet T
1
,
Kassaw A
1
and
Yohannes H
1
Aga Khan University, Pakistan
F
asciola is a major parasite of sheep around Lake Hashenge
that is claimed to cause serious destruction of liver and liv-
er condemnation (more than 80%) which lead to loss of profit/
market despite its potential nutritional and price value. Liv-
er infected with fasciola is hard and fibrotic and is not fit for
human consumption regardless of its zoonotic potential. Tri-
clabendazole is the drug of choice for treating fasciolosis but
triclabendazole have no effect in the healing or regeneration
capacity of the already damaged liver by the parasite unless
augmented with other natural herbal preparations which make
the damaged liver heal faster. Therefore, this project was de-
signed to study the augmentation responses of herbal extract
to triclabendazole therapy which was expected to facilitate the
regeneration and healing process of the liver of sheep. A total
of 12 naturally fasciola infested sheep diagnosed with copro-
logical examination were used in this study. The 12 naturally
fasciola infested sheep were grouped into three groups (G1=-
Experimental, treated with both triclabendazole and the herbal
extract bolus; G2=Experimental, treated only with triclabenda-
zole; and G3=Control, not treated with either of the treatments)
each containing 4(four) sheep. Herbal bolus were prepared at
the College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University and
used for augmentation. Three months after the treatment
sheep in all the three groups were coprological examined. The
effect of augmentation was evaluated with liver function tests,
gross pathology and histopathology. All the datawere analyzed
using STATA version-11.0 statistical software and P-value of
0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference for
all analysis. Gross findings showed live fasciola parasite and
severe liver damage; irregular shaped and rough fibrotic liver;
and liver with slight fibrosis and distended gall bladder in G3,
G2 and G1, respectively. Liver function test results were high-
er in the control group (G3) compared to G1 and G2 (P<0.05).
Microscopic findings of the tissue samples revealed liver with
very sever necrotized area with diffused extensive fibrosis
(cirrhosis) around the section of parasite in the middle; liver
with moderate necrotized area with diffused extensive fibrosis
(cirrhosis); and liver with fibrosis (cirrhosis) being degraded
and regeneration of hepatocytes around it in G3, G2 and G1,
respectively. Augmentation of triclabendazole with herbal ex-
tract improves the healing and regeneration capacity of fasci-
ola infested liver and thus it should be encouraged.